镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区水域生态修复效果的监测与评价

自2006年以来,长江豚类极度濒危的生存状况得到广泛关注,在其自然保护区实施一系列生态修复工程,为镇江长江豚类省级自然保护区内的江豚提供良好的生存环境。于2015—2018年在和畅洲水域建设生态浮岛、人工鱼巢和放流底栖动物进行水域生态修复,对生态修复工程进行跟踪监测和效果评价。结果表明：生态浮岛的建设可提高区域内浮游植物和浮游动物的生物多样性和群落结构复杂程度;人工鱼巢对产黏性卵鱼类具有一定增殖效果,增殖种类主要为鲤、鲫、䱗和黄尾鲴;生态浮岛和人工鱼巢的建设对鱼类均有较好的聚集效果;底栖动物增殖放流显著增加了放流物种的丰度、生物量及保护区底栖动物群落生物量,增殖放流效果评价为中等。该自然保护区水域生态修复效果明显,为工程施工影响下水生生物保护区生态修复提供科学依据。     

Prediction of baking results from farinograph measurements by using stepwise linear regression and artificial neuronal networks

In an effort to extract additional data from farinograph experiments a model was developed to simulate the measurements and correlate the parameters of the model with results from baking tests. This additional information can be used in bakeries to predict the baking properties of the flours and adjust the recipes to maintain a constant product quality. For this eight different flours were characterized with a farinograph and 13 different results from baking experiments. An approach with five nonlinear differential equations was able to model the farinograph measurements very well (average R² = 0.995 ± 0.005). While a stepwise multilinear regression only showed weak correlations in cross validation between a single parameter of the model and the baking volume (R² = 0.745) and the volume yield (R² = 0.796) respectively, the artificial neuronal network was more successful. For the baking weight (R² = 0.926), the dough yield gross (R² = 0.909) and net (R² = 0.913) strong correlations were found. A good correlation for the baking volume (R² = 0.853) was also determined, while the volume yield showed comparable results to the linear regression (R² = 0.792).     

基于卷积神经网络的拖拉机工况识别

农机工况识别在细化农机作业状态和帮助掌握区域污染物排放趋势方面有着重要的研究价值。基于拖拉机不同运行状态下的行驶速度、发动机转速以及实时油耗等时间序列,首次提出将图像识别方法引入到拖拉机工况识别中的思路,并分别应用参数优化的支持向量机与卷积神经网络对实际作业拖拉机工况进行研究。结果表明:(1)基于参数优化的支持向量机可以较好地实现样本点的工况识别且识别准确度达到99.851 9%,但无法实现农机工况的连续性识别,同时无法对农机工况转换阶段进行有效识别。(2)以拖拉机运行速度与发动机转速等信息构建样本图像来描述农机工况变化的数据表达,并在此基础上应用卷积神经网络可以有效实现农机工况的连续性识别,且识别准确率可以达到93.3%。本研究在农机工况识别方面具有一定参考价值,并为后续农机不同工况下区域污染物排放研究提供技术支持。     

A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide and medical air for abdominal insufflation on respiratory parameters in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination

AIMS: To determine if abdominal insufflation with medical air will improve oxygenation and ventilation parameters when compared to insufflation with CO₂ in xylazine-sedated sheep undergoing laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI).

METHODS: Forty-seven sheep underwent oestrus synchronisation and were fasted for 24 hours prior to laparoscopic AI. Each animal was randomised to receive either CO₂ or medical air for abdominal insufflation. An auricular arterial catheter was placed and utilised for serial blood sampling. Respiratory rates (RR) and arterial blood samples were collected at baseline, after xylazine (0.1?mg/kg I/V) sedation, 2 minutes after Trendelenburg positioning, 5 minutes after abdominal insufflation, and 10 minutes after being returned to a standing position. Blood samples were collected in heparinised syringes, stored on ice, and analysed for arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial O₂ (PaO₂), and CO₂ (PaCO₂). The number of ewes conceiving to AI was also determined.

RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated temporal effects on RR, PaO₂, PaCO₂ and arterial pH during the laparoscopic AI procedure (p<0.001), but no difference between insufflation groups (p>0.01). No sheep experienced hypercapnia (PaCO₂>50?mmHg) or acidaemia (pH<7.35). Hypoxaemia (PaO₂<70?mmHg) was diagnosed during the procedure in 14/22 (64%) ewes in the CO₂ group compared with 8/23 (35%) ewes in the medical air group (p=0.053). Overall, 15/20 (75%) ewes in the CO₂ group conceived to AI compared with 16/22 (72.7%) in the medical air group (p=0.867).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There were no statistical or clinical differences in RR, PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH, or conception to AI when comparing the effects of CO₂ and medical air as abdominal insufflation gases. None of the sheep experienced hypercapnia or acidaemic, yet 42% (19/45) of sheep developed clinical hypoxaemia, with a higher percentage of ewes in the CO₂ group developing hypoxaemia than in the medical air group. Based on the overall analysis, medical air could be utilised as a comparable alternative for abdominal insufflation during laparoscopic AI procedures.     

Artificial burrow preference by the Japanese crayfish Cambaroides japonicus

SUMMARY: Preference for artificial burrows by the endangered Japanese crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus was studied to improve its cultivation. The occupation of artificial burrows, which were made from straight polyvinyl chloride pipes of different internal diameters ( Y , mm), by crayfishes of different total lengths ( X , mm) was significantly ( P < 0.001, n = 56) described by a linear regression: Y = 0.49 X + 3.42 (19.0 ≤ X ≤ 70.2). Among burrows of different lengths [crayfish total length (TL) × 1, × 2, × 3, and × 4], crayfishes significantly preferred burrows that were greater than TL × 3 ( P < 0.001, n = 588).     

人工神经网络在电力系统短期负荷预测中的应用

根据电力系统短期负荷变化的特性，提出BP模型在实际负荷预测应用中的方法和步骤．对BP网络结构、样本空间、收敛性等作了有针对性的研究．结果表明：多层神经网络应用于电力系统短期负荷预测是可行和有效的．其预报结果比传统的负荷预测方法更准确、经济、效果更好．     

Spermatophore cryopreservation and artificial insemination of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius)

To develop an appropriate cryopreservation protocol for spermatophores of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, three cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), methanol (MeOH) and ethylene glycol (EG)) at two concentrations (5% and 10%) were examined. Artificial implantation of spermatophores was also carried out to assess the fertilizing ability of fresh and post‐thaw spermatophores. Spermatophores were collected during consecutive regenerations (15‐day intervals) and assessed for qualitative and quantitative changes and also for fertilizing ability by implantation. The mean fertilization rate for artificial insemination using post‐thaw spermatophore was 79.9±3.7%, lower than the fertilization rates observed for artificial implantation using fresh spermatophore and natural mating. Mean hatch rates for fresh spermatophore, frozen‐thawed spermatophore and natural mating were 88.8±0.6%, 87.8±0.4% and 88.3±0.5%, respectively; and there was no difference among the three groups. The mean fertilization rate of spermatophores collected during the first stripping was higher (90.6±0.6) than during the second stripping (85.7±2.6), but the mean hatch rate was not different between the two strippings. The highest mean sperm viability (79.7±0.4%) was obtained from DMSO (5%), with no survival observed in the 10% MeOH treatment. Spermatophore weight, total sperm count and percentage of abnormal sperm were not different between spermatophores collected at the first and second stripping. This is the first study to report high fertilization and hatch rates from cryopreserved spermatophore using artificial implantation of spermatophore before spawning.     

新型的人工饲料防腐剂ADA

将新型防腐剂——ＡＤＡ添入家蚕人工饲料中，对在高温多湿养蚕环境下，易引起人工饲料霉变的酵母菌群、格兰氏阴性菌群和霉菌群有明显的抑制作用，可延长人工饲料的存放和使用时间，而不影响其适口性、颜色、香味与成份，防腐效果明显优于苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸、丙酸等．实验证明：人工饲料中添加０．２％的ＡＤＡ能使人工饲料在高温多湿的养蚕环境下保持一个月不发霉变质，并对蚕体的生长发育无不良影响     

用单层分化法进行胚胎干细胞神经分化的研究

用单层分化法研究了 ES细胞从 0～ 316 h(第 14天 )的神经分化过程。无饲养层培养的 ES细胞在无血清的N2 B2 7培养基中开始神经分化。从 72 h开始 ,神经外胚层的特异性转录因子 Sox1表达 ,在克隆的边缘逐渐出现向外迁移的细胞 ,形状呈圆形或椭圆形 ,有 1～ 2个细胞突起。在 191h(第 8天 )之后 ,细胞可迁移至克隆边缘的 2 0 0 μm之外 ,这些有细长突起的细胞表达神经元特异性蛋白 Tau。以后 ,迁移细胞的突起开始交叠成网状。 316 h(第 14天 )时 ,细长的纤维可跨越在不同的克隆之间 ,长达上千微米。此时 ,免疫染色的结果表明 ,在克隆的中央有较多的圆形 Nestin阳性细胞 ,而克隆的边缘有大量的 β- tubulin 阳性细胞 ,它们交织成复杂的网状图像。阶段性表达基因的表达时序研究表明 ,ES细胞的特异性转录因子 Oct4开始减弱时 ,Sox1表达开始 ,此时细胞由全能状态进入早期神经分化状态 ;Tau的表达是 Sox1表达的下游事件。这一时序与胚胎发育中神经发生的时序相符。单层分化法能直观地展示 ES细胞的神经分化过程 ,可作为研究细胞分化、胚胎发育及药物筛选的体外模型