厌氧消化物对西瓜的促生抑病作用

本文研究了厌氧消化物（沼液和沼渣）对西瓜生长和西瓜枯萎病的影响。用沼液浸种，浓度为０．５％～５％时均可提高发芽率，以２％沼液与８小时浸泡时间为最佳组合，大于５％时降低发芽率。用沼渣与土壤混合，比例为１：５，１：７，１：１０时西瓜生长的各项指标均高于对照，以１：５为最佳；１：３时各项指标与对照相差不多；１：２时各项指标低于对照。沼渣与土壤混合后可抑制西瓜枯萎病，沼渣用量越大抑制作用越明显。当比例为１：７，１：５，１：３时，防效分别为１８％，５８％和８６％。病害发生后用沼液灌根可阻止西瓜枯萎病发展，但没有治疗作用。     

提高滇红品质的工艺创新研究

[目的]提高滇红的品质并指导实际生产。[方法]以云南大叶种茶鲜叶为原料,在传统滇红制作工艺的基础上,对滇红的萎凋工艺进行改变创新;主要内容包括对萎凋工艺进行晒青、摇青、抖青的单因素和组合研究。[结果]试验表明,通过晒青、摇青和抖青组合的萎凋工艺可使滇红具有天然花香、滋味更醇厚,茶汤更红浓明亮的特点,并且增加了滇红中水浸出物、氨基酸、可溶性糖、茶黄素和茶红素的含量,有效提高了云南滇红的综合品质。[结论]新工艺能显著提升滇红品质,适合云南大叶种的滇红加工生产和推广应用。     

盐城地区绿化带金森女贞枯死原因分析及治理对策

近几年来,江苏省盐城市亭湖区西环路及省道331两侧的金森女贞出现大面积枯死,重害地块植株枯死率超过80%,为了寻找诱发植株枯死的原因,系统地对重害地块及正常地块的土壤养分、土壤理化性质、浇灌用水化学性质与地下水化学性质等环境因素进行了取样分析。结果表明,诱发植株枯死的主要原因为移栽施工时浇灌用水的含盐量过高。通过单因子试验发现,去除钵壳、搭防晒网遮阳、适当浅植、下雨后及时除草松土能显著提高成活率,移植时用100～500 mg/L的Fe-SO4溶液浇灌1～2次,能进一步提高成活率。     

电子鼻评价不同萎凋工艺对红茶香气的影响

采用电子鼻检测技术并结合感官审评,对3种不同萎凋工艺的山东红茶进行评价分析。通过传感器响应值的变化和数据统计分析表明:电子鼻技术对不同工艺的红茶均有较好的响应,可有效区分不同萎凋程度的红茶,且第7、9、2、6和8号传感器在红茶香气区分中起主要作用,即萜烯类和硫化物、芳香型化合物、氮氧化合物、醇类和烷类对茶叶香气贡献较大。这几种成分可能是引起山东不同季节红茶品质差异的主体成分。感官审评表明重萎凋工艺制得的山东红茶品质更佳。     

乌龙茶做青过程脂质过氧化作用及其对茶叶品质的影响

以肉桂品种鲜叶为原料,研究了做青强度对做青叶脂质过氧化作用和茶叶品质的影响。结果表明,摇青可以加速做青叶水分散失和可溶性蛋白质降解;摇青和自然萎凋均能促进MDA累积。在做青前期适当晒青和轻摇青可以提高SOD活力;重摇青降低SOD活力,进而O2.-产生速率加快,脂质过氧化加速,从而促进具有青草味的化合物散失,乌龙茶特征香气提高。     

6CQCL-50型多功能茶鲜叶前处理机

为丰富茶厂生产茶叶的种类,提高鲜叶原料的利用率,设计了一台能实现绿茶摊放、红茶萎凋以及乌龙茶做青的多功能茶鲜叶前处理机。阐述了该机的总体结构,包括机械传动系统、翻叶装置、通风与加热系统等核心部件的工作原理。采用多分支管道分层进风,确保风量的均匀性;高压小流量泵及微细喷头确保箱内湿度均匀;热源的分层设置,确保箱内温度均匀。试验表明,经过该机处理的茶叶制品,其理化指标和审评分数均高于对照组。运行结果表明,整机设计合理、运行可靠。     

乌龙茶机械萎凋工艺参数

以黄品种鲜叶为原料，采用６ＣＬＷ－１０型茶叶连续萎凋机进行乌龙茶萎凋试验，并通过生产验证。结果表明，萎凋温度为３５℃，萎凋时间为１５—２０ｍｉｎ，萎凋程度以鲜叶失水率为７％—１０％（最好控制在８％左右），能获得较好的品质，且香气最佳。该机适于不同品种乌龙茶萎凋，台时１５０—２５Ｏｋｇ鲜叶，与传统工艺比较，茶叶品质一般可提高０．５—１．０等级。     

红茶萎凋发酵中β－葡萄糖苷酶的活性变化

β─葡萄糖苷酶是将鲜叶中香气前体物质──糖苷转化为游离态香气的关键酶。对红茶萎凋、发酵过程中β─葡萄糖苷酶活性的变化动态研究结果表明,在萎凋期间,酶活性是逐步增强的,其活性达鲜叶的２—２．５倍,且受萎凋温度和萎凋程度的影响;在发酵进程中,酶活性迅速下降,且发酵温度越高,其活性下降越大。因此,低温萎凋与发酵有利于酶活性的是提高和香气的形成。     

Efficacy, tissue distribution, and residue depletion of oxytetracycline in WS-RLP infected California red abalone Haliotis rufescens

Oxytetracycline (OTC) was recently demonstrated to be an effective therapeutant for California red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) infected with the agent of withering syndrome (WS), a Rickettsia-like prokaryote (WS-RLP). This study examined the influence of temperature on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oral OTC treatments on WS-RLP infected red abalone, H. rufescens. Medication was administered in an artificial diet containing 1.85% active OTC at a rate of 103.4 mg/kg abalone for 10, 20 and 30 days at both 13.4 °C and 17.3 °C. Drug residue concentrations, WS-RLP burden and WS-associated pathological changes within foot muscle and digestive gland were measured 3, 17, 23, 42, 63, 81, 102, 122, and 160 days after OTC treatment. In all samples the highest concentrations of OTC were detected on the first sample day. Furthermore, all sampling periods showed significantly less OTC in foot muscle samples relative to corresponding digestive gland samples (p < 0.001). While drug depuration occurred rapidly from foot muscle, unusually high concentrations and long depuration times were measured within the digestive gland. The pharmacokinetic trends in both the foot muscle and digestive gland at 13.4 °C were adequately described by a one-compartment model, while the digestive gland depuration models within the 17.3 °C treatments conformed to a two-compartment model. At both temperatures treatment duration gave rise to significant differences in OTC accumulation and depletion (p < 0.001). Despite this, terminal elimination rate constants were similar. Estimated half-lives were similar among all treatments for digestive gland (23.8–27.5 d) and all treatments for the foot muscle at 13.4 °C (10.7–13.4 d; calculated only for the 13.4 °C treatments). At both temperatures all three durations of drug treatment led to significant reductions in WS-RLP prevalence, foot muscle atrophy, and mortality. WS-RLP re-challenge trials initiated 44, 88, and 122 days following the 10-day treatment at 17.3 °C showed reduced susceptibility to re-infection for up to 88 days after treatment, suggesting that digestive gland OTC residues confer long-term resistance to pathogen. Atomic absorption spectroscopy conducted on both foot muscle and digestive gland found significantly higher concentrations of iron, zinc, and manganese in the digestive gland, offering an explanation behind the underlying mechanism of OTC retention for extended periods within this tissue.     

播期对四川小麦分蘖发生、消亡及成穗特性的影响

为探讨四川小麦分蘖发生、消亡与成穗规律,了解穗数形成的制约因子,在四川两个典型小麦生态区(川西平原区和川中丘陵区),以主推品种川麦104(春性)和半冬性品种川农30为材料,通过定点调查茎蘖动态,以及定株调查分蘖发生、消亡时间和叶位,研究过早播(10月16日)、早播(10月23日)、适播(10月30日)、晚播(11月6日)下小麦的分蘖成穗特性。结果表明,四川小麦分蘖发生一般持续50d左右,分蘖发生数量少且低位分蘖缺位多。平原区(温江点)小麦第1叶位分蘖发生率为61%~80%,丘陵区(仁寿点)为13%~60%;第2叶位分蘖发生率在两生态点分别为63%~98%和45%~83%;第3、第4叶位以及二级分蘖很少发生。川麦104单株分蘖数(1.4~2.4个)显著低于川农30(1.6~2.9个)。四川小麦分蘖消亡持续时间长,从拔节一直持续到开花,分蘖消亡率高达50%以上,花后也还有8.0%~19.4%的分蘖消亡,其中川麦104分蘖消亡各期(拔节-孕穗、孕穗-抽穗、抽穗-开花)比较均衡,川农30分蘖消亡集中在孕穗-抽穗阶段(占总消亡率的43.9%)。四川小麦分蘖成穗率低,平原区和丘陵区分别为27.7%~48.8%和9.0%~19.4%,其中平原区第1、2叶位分蘖成穗率分别为65.0%和50.2%,丘陵区分别34.8%和24.4%。10月23日左右是利于丘陵区小麦分蘖成穗、高产的适宜播期,平原区还可提前到10月16日左右。