基于小波变换模态参数识别原理的共振拆除法理论研究

提出了一种经济、安全的建筑物拆除法-共振拆除法。依据小波变换模态参数辨识原理,求得建筑物理论固有频率及模态参数;建立楼房数学模型,模拟安装多台激振器,遥控激振器发出与建筑物固有频率相同频率激励,使楼房共振。建筑物激烈振动而坍塌,实现安全拆除建筑物的目的。     

Filtering Construct of Adaptive Filter Grou Pwith Multi-scale Decomposition

The principle and method of the adaptive filter and the filtering with wavelet transform were analyzed, and the model and method of adaptive filtering with wavelet transforms for the transient signal was established. The separated noise of signal by the multi-scale decomposition of wavelet transforms, was the input signal of adaptive filter, and accordingly the optimal filtering method of signal-noise decomposition was realized. By the adaptive filter grou Pbased on the wavelet transform, the optimal filtering to the multi-noise of signal is achieved at the same time, and the method presented in this paper has the excellent filtering capability. Examples of application demonstrate that this method presented is excellent to realize the optimal estimate to the valuable signal and noise of the transient signal in the same frequency segment.     

Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange

Transferring ecological information across scale often involves spatial aggregation, which alters information content and may bias estimates if the scaling process is nonlinear. Here, a potential solution, the preservation of the information content of fine-scale measurements, is highlighted using modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an Arctic tundra landscape as an example. The variance of aggregated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), measured from an airborne platform, decreased linearly with log(scale), resulting in a linear relationship between log(scale) and the scale-wise modeled NEE estimate. Preserving three units of information, the mean, variance and skewness of fine-scale NDVI observations, resulted in upscaled NEE estimates that deviated less than 4% from the fine-scale estimate. Preserving only the mean and variance resulted in nearly 23% NEE bias, and preserving only the mean resulted in larger error and a change in sign from CO₂ sink to source. Compressing NDVI maps by 70–75% using wavelet thresholding with the Haar and Coiflet basis functions resulted in 13% NEE bias across the study domain. Applying unique scale-dependent transfer functions between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) decreased, but did not remove, bias in modeled flux in a smaller expanse using handheld NDVI observations. Quantifying the parameters of statistical distributions to preserve ecological information reduces bias when upscaling and makes possible spatial data assimilation to further reduce errors in estimates of ecological processes across scale.     

盛夏西太平洋副热带高压对陕西降水的影响

利用1961-2008年陕西78个气象站7-8月降水资料、西太平洋副高逐月指数资料及500hPa位势高度场和700hPa风场月平均再分析资料,通过相关、回归分析、小波凝聚谱分析等方法探讨盛夏西太平洋副热带高压对陕西降水的影响及机制,为盛夏陕西降水的气候预测提供依据.结果表明,盛夏副高强度、脊线、西伸脊点指数与陕西降水关系密切,副高偏强偏西时陕西降水偏多,副高偏北时陕西北部降水偏多、南部偏少.8月副高3个指数与陕西降水的相关关系更为密切,通过显著性检验的站点明显增多.副高的强度和位置变化引起副热带和中高纬度大气环流的异常,进而影响陕西降水.8月副高偏强偏西时,巴尔喀什湖阻高增强,700hPa西南季风的水汽输送增强,陕西位于冷暖空气交汇区,降水偏多;副高偏南时,水汽辐合区位于陕南,陕西南部多雨、北部少雨;副高偏北时,水汽辐合区位于陕北,陕西北部多雨、南部少雨.8月副高强度指数与同月陕西降水的显著共振周期为7 ～8a,且副高强度变化超前于陕西降水变化1.26a,说明8月副高强度的年际变化是引起同月陕西降水年际变化的重要原因.     

Stress wavelets: Multi-scale and multi-resolution assessment of soil structure by the drop-shatter method

Stress wavelet properties are inherently involved in the process of the drop-shatter method of assessment on soil structural characteristics. The analogies between wavelet analysis and the drop-shatter process are based on two factors: scale and resolution. By carefully following the requirements of wavelet analysis, a standard procedure of soil fragmentation and sieving is described. Following this procedure, a set of equations can be derived from which surface contacting energy between soil aggregates of a specific scale can be calculated. The resultant values in fact mirror the multi-resolutions of wavelets.

Natural soil clods as well as artificial structured soil cores were used for fragmentation. Though the experiment can do well on natural soil clods, and it is precise enough in predicting structural state of a sub-dimensional clods of 8 mm, its use on artificial soil cores produced a set of data that was quite chaotic. The unique behavior experienced in the process of fragmentation of artificial soil structure indicates that there is no distinct stage between mother soil clods (cores) and its constituent primary particles. Such a state should result from an excessively large impact energy (too low a resolution in the wavelet analysis) for each drop stroke impact.

With an ultimate goal for soil process simulation, the construction of the experiment for artificial structured soil core preparation brings the traditional methods of sample preparation a step forward further by creating an environment much nearer to the field conditions experienced in natural soils. Still, extensive refinements are needed, especially for the mode of water application, cycle and intensity of management.     

基于LBV变换与小波变换的OLI图像融合方法

以陕西省榆阳区2013年6月9日的Landsat 8 OLI图像为基础数据源,对比分析LBV-Wavelet RF等5种图像融合算法的使用效果。对图像预处理后,分别采用HIS变换、Brovey变换、HPF变换、PCA变换和LBV-Wavelet RF方法进行融合和SVM监督分类,然后从目视评价和定量评价两方面对比分析各种融合算法的使用效果。在目视评价方面,判读融合前、后9种地类光谱特征的一致性;融合后图像是否具有全色波段图像的空间结构特征,是否存在细节模糊。在定量评价方面,采用灰度均值差、灰度均方根差评价融合后图像对多光谱信息的保持性能;采用相关系数均值、相关系数均方根差评价融合后图像对高空间分辨率信息的融入度;采用总体分类精度、Kappa系数评价融合前、后SVM监督分类精度差异。结果表明LBV-Wavelet RF方法能够使融合后图像在保持原多光谱图像光谱信息的同时,增强纹理结构特征,提高对细小地物的辨识能力;融合后图像SVM监督分类的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为84.01%和0.787,较原多光谱图像分别提高13.45%和15.91%。     

和田市近30年来气温的变化及其对农业的影响

选取中国地面气候资料日值数据集中的和田地区1975--2005年的日平均气温数据资料,分析近30来和田市平均气温的年、季线性趋势变化和周期性的变化特征以及对农业生产的影响。近30年的气温总体呈现上升趋势,其变化率为0．48℃/10a,气温变化具有3年、22年和30年较稳定的周期。     

基于小波分析的西安降水时间序列的变化特征

应用墨西哥帽小波函数进行小波变换,对西安市45a（1961-2005年）来的降水量数据进行分析,计算小波方差,从而研究西安市降水变化的时间及其周期变化特征。通过对西安市的降水时间序列的小波分析,揭示其在不同层次上的降水结构和异常变化规律以及突变特征,预测了西安市四季降水量以及年降水量的变化趋势。特别是通过小波分析的预测结果在2009和2010年出现的关中地区大面积的春旱以及2005年以后出现的秋涝中得到验证,这对认识西安市降水特征以及对西安地区的农业生产和渭河防迅工作具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。45a来,除西安市春季降水量呈显著下降趋势外（P〈0.05）,其它季节和年降水量的线性变化趋势均不显著。但季节降水量和年降水量都存在多时间尺度特征,不同的时间尺度表现为不同的循环交替,大尺度的周期变化嵌套着小尺度的周期变化。总体上表现为由小尺度的震荡剧烈、没有明显规律到大尺度出现明显规律后继续增强或先升后降。     

小波理论与振动分析

小波理论是近年来迅速发展起来的新兴学科。已成为多领域的研究热点。本文介绍了连续小波变换和离散小波变换的构造及部分性能；分析了波变换与Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换的关系；小波分析的特点与适用领域。给出了振动工程上的三个典型应胜。并就小波理论这一前沿领域的发展现状做了相应的评述。     

铜陵市近50年气温变化的小波分析

[目的]研究铜陵市气温变化规律。[方法]利用连续小波变换分析气温变化时间序列的多时间尺度变化及突变特征,对铜陵市1960～2009年的气温资料进行了探讨。[结果]铜陵市气温的年际及年代际时间尺度在时域中分布不均匀,具有明显的局部化特征;近50年来铜陵市的气温大致经历了一个由偏冷转向偏暖的过程,转折点位于1995年前后;其气温变化具有多层次的时间尺度结构,阶段性特征明显,年平均气温、年最低平均气温及年最高平均气温三者间的变化特点在长周期上具有相似性,在短周期变化上不尽相同。[结论]连续小波变换能将气温时间序列的频率特征在时间域上展现出来,清晰地给出各种时间尺度的强弱、分布情况及气温冷暖变化趋势和突变点,从而找出气温变化的主要周期.