Analysis of static structural mechanics of vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures

In this paper the finite element analysis was carried out for a composite vertical axis wind turbine with lift-drag combined starting structures to ensure the structure safety of a vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT). The static and modal analysis of rotor of a composite vertical axis wind turbine was conducted by using ANSYS software. The relevant contour sketch of stress and deformation was obtained. The analysis was made for static structural mechanics, modal analysis of rotor and the total deformation and vibration profile to evaluate the influence on the working capability of the rotor. The analysis results showed that the various structure parameters lie in the safety range of structural mechanics as given in the relative standards. The analysis showed the design safe to operate the rotor of a vertical axis wind turbine. The methods used in this study can be used as a good reference for the structural mechanics′ analysis of VAWTs.     

叶片尾缘加弯板垂直轴风力机转矩特性数值模拟

文章提出一种在叶片尾缘加装弯板改善直线翼垂直轴风力机叶片周围流场,提高风力机转矩特性的方法。选取NACA0024和NACA0012两种直线翼垂直轴风力机常用翼型,利用数值模拟计算包括不加装弯板在内具有7种弯板长度2叶片直线翼垂直轴风力机输出转矩特性和静态起动转矩特性。结果表明,在NACA系列对称翼型尾缘加弯板叶片可在一定程度上改善直线翼垂直轴风力机输出转矩特性和静态起动特性。叶片尾缘加装弯板后可在某些旋转角下改变叶片上下表面压力分布,减少涡旋和流动分离产生,提高叶片气动特性,改善风力机转矩特性。研究发现,弯板长度为弦长40%风力机转矩特性改善效果最好,最大输出转矩系数较无弯板风力机提高17%,静态平均起动转矩提高26.4%。     

基于多种UDF方法的变桨距垂直轴风力机性能分析

为了提高垂直轴风力机的性能,针对变桨距垂直轴风力机,利用叶素理论求得叶片在不同方位桨距角的变化规律,使叶片在各个不同位置升力系数达到最大;通过滑移网格、动网格、滑移网格动网格组合等动区域方法的研究,实现了变桨距垂直轴风力机主动控制数值模拟方法的多元化;最终获得不同叶片各自产生的总力矩和风能利用率。用垂直轴风力机的试验和模拟对比分析,验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。结果表明,采用变桨控制规律的垂直轴风力机,提高了风力机的风能利用率,尤其是在低尖速比情况下,很大程度上改善了风力机的起动性能,尖速比为1.5、2.0、2.5时,相对定桨距风力机功率都增大90%左右。     

叶片后加小翼垂直轴风力机气动特性数值模拟

为改善直线翼垂直轴风力机叶片周围流场特性,在叶片后部加设辅助小翼调整叶片尾流流场,利用数值模拟方法研究该风力机气动特性。以NACA0018翼型2叶片风力机为对象,辅助小翼与主叶片在同一在旋转圆周上,通过改变小翼与主叶片弦长比和安装角调整小翼与主叶片位置。结果表明,小翼尺度与安装位置对直线翼垂直轴风力机气动特性影响较大,在低尖速比时辅助小翼可改善叶片尾流流场,提高风力机气动特性,功率系数在尖速比从0到获得最大功率系数之前均较不带小翼风力机有不同程度提高,当辅助小翼弦长比为0.4,相对夹角为14°时,对主叶片周围流场改善效果最显著,风力机获得最大功率系数尖速比提前至2.2附近。     

圆台型聚风罩对垂直轴风力机起动性的影响

为提高直线翼垂直轴风力机自起动性能,设计可安装在风轮上下两端圆台型聚风罩,收集更大面积来流提高来流风速。针对聚风罩高度、倾角及距风轮距离等主要结构参数作二次正交旋转组合设计,利用三维数值模拟方法计算不同聚风罩结构参数条件下风力机起动力矩,对比分析优化聚风罩结构参数,可有效提升风力机起动力矩。通过分析聚风罩与风轮间流场变化,揭示聚风罩对风力机起动力矩影响机理。     

垂直轴风力机动态特性及气动性能

垂直轴风力机流场属典型的非定常大分离流动,因其气动性能复杂,采用工程气动模型会有较大误差.为了研究垂直轴风力机动态失速与翼型附着涡的形成与发展,针对4种不同厚度的NACA对称翼型系列,基于Fluent软件的滑移网格技术,并选用S-A湍流模型和基于压力的Simple算法对H型垂直轴风轮流场进行瞬态CFD计算,得到了风轮旋转中动态失速相位角范围,较好地解释了小叶尖速比下翼型多处于动态失速区的流动机理.同时,提出了升阻系数计算方法,计算得到了该4种翼型系列的叶片扭转力矩、风力机功率和风能利用系数随叶尖速比变化规律.研究结果表明,风力机运行中翼型的动态与静态特性存在较大差别,翼型厚度对风力机扭转力矩、功率和风能利用率具有较大影响.故在进行垂直轴风力机设计时应综合考虑垂直轴风力机的翼型厚度等几何参数与旋转等动态参数对其气动特性的影响.     

Wind Tunnel Test and Numerical Computation on Ice Accretion on Blade Airfoil for Straight-bladed VAWT

To invest the condition of ice accretion on the blade used for straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine （SB-VAWT）, wind tunnel tests were carried out on a blade with NACA0015 airfoil by using a small simple icing wind tunnel. Tests were carried out at some typical attack angles under different wind speeds and flow discharges of a water spray with wind. The icing shape and area on blade surface were recorded and measured, Then the numerical computation was carded out to calculate the lift and drag coefficients of the blade before and after ice accretion according to the experiment result, the effect of icing on the aerodynamic characteristics of blade were discussed.