NAT(网络地址转换)的原理及P2P软件UDP穿透NAT

引言目前,P2P软件在互连网上的使用越来越广泛,几乎每一个网民都有一个QQ号码或一个MSN用户号,或UC号。但是我们了解P2P软件的基本工作原理吗?我们了解P2P软件是如何从我们的内网通向另一个内网的网民吗?本文将有助于了解P2P的基本原理,和内网到Internet的网络地址转换(NAT),以及进行一些P2P在UDP下穿透NAT的一些探讨。关键词:NAT;P2P软件;UDP一、P2P软件的原理P2P就是点对点通讯,就是两个用户A与B之间直接的网络通讯。比如用户A、B运行某一P2P软件。P2P软件做两件事,把当前客户端的IP放到服务器、通过服务器取得其它用…     

嗜水气单胞菌UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶基因的克隆表达及酶的性质

通过水生动物源性嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah）强毒株J-1株与弱毒株MR-1株抑制差减杂交得到gneJ差减片段,该片段与创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnificus）和人源嗜水气单胞菌的UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶基因有较高的同源性。扩增完整的gneJ基因,进行分布检测并将其克隆至质粒pET32a（＋）,在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21中进行异源表达,SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组表达蛋白的分子量约59．7kD,与理论推测值基本相同。酶活性分析表明,该重组蛋白可将UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺转化为UDP-乙酰半乳糖胺,确证gneJ基因编码蛋白为UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4-差向异构酶。Western Blot分析显示,嗜水气单胞菌J-1株胞外产物的兔抗血清可识别该重组蛋白,表明该蛋白与天然蛋白有相同的抗原性。以重组蛋白为免疫原,对小鼠进行动物保护实验,结果显示,该重组蛋白对小鼠有60％的保护率,证明UDP-乙酰葡萄糖胺-4差向异构酶可作为亚单位疫苗的侯选成分。     

Weak activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase toward Bisphenol analogs in mouse perinatal development

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical that disrupts endocrine function. BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that has been demonstrated to affect reproductive organ development, brain development, metabolic disease and post-natal behavior. Accordingly, Bisphenol analogs, Bisphenol F (BPF, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane) and Bisphenol AF (BPAF, 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol) are used as replacements for BPA. BPA is mainly metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), UGT2B1, but this effective metabolizing system is weak in the fetus. In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatic UGT activity toward BPAF was very weak, in comparison with BPA and BPF, in the fetus, pups and dams. Conversely, hepatic UGT activity toward BPF was very weak in the fetus and newborn pups, and was increased to the same level as BPA post-partum. In conclusion, BPAF possibly tends to accumulate in the fetus, because of weak metabolism during the perinatal period, suggesting that the metabolism of individual Bisphenol analogs requires assessment to properly gauge their risks.     

Research of Real-time Computer Network Protocol Based on UDP Protocol and Virtual Token

Aiming at the urge demand of a large amount of real-time data transmit in industry and academy fields, the authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of many kinds of present protocols, take advantage of UDP protocol and standard 802.4 of Token Bus. The real-time network protocol is presented based on UDP protocol and virtual token. And this paper illuminates the principle of real-time quality and reliability about the protocol, giving the frame format of the protocol and the format of Virtual Token. It demonstrates the capability of the protocol with a point-to-point transmit example that constructed according to this protocol.     

Effect of NDF/undegradable crude protein ratio on in vivo digestibility, particle passage rate in riverine buffaloes compared with sheep

In vivo digestibility (eight animals) and solid particles passage rate measured by faecal Cr (four animals fistulated at the rumen) were determined on riverine buffalo bulls and Delle Langhe rams, given four diets at maintenance level (50 g/kg M^0.75 per day of dry matter), according to a Latin square design, composed of a factorial combination of high and low NDF and of high and low protein undegradability. The diets were: L-30 = low NDF (530.0 g/kg DM), low undegradability of protein (29.6%, CP = 138.0 g/kg DM); L-40 = low NDF (537.0 g/kg DM), high undegradability of protein (41.0%, CP = 139.0 g/kg DM); H-30 = high NDF (583.0 g/kg DM), low undegradability of protein (28.3%, CP = 128.0 g/kg DM); H-40 = high NDF (NDF = 580.0 g/kg DM), high undegradability of protein (40.0%, CP = 128.0 g/kg DM). The digestibility of organic matter (66.68% vs. 64.32%, P < 0.05) and of the other analytical fractions (NSC, NDF, cellulose and hemicelluloses) was significantly higher in buffaloes with the exception of that of crude protein which was similar for the two species. Considering the diets within the species, the increased undegradable protein in the small intestine produces different effects: in the buffalo, it does not positively influence the digestibility of NSC but does increase that of cellulose, on the other hand in sheep it influences the digestibility of NSC. The post-ruminal digestibility of the undegraded protein, both in buffalo and sheep, is higher than that from protein of microbial origin. The passage rate of the marker of the solid particles, through the first compartment, k₁ (2.86% h^− 1 and 2.54% h^− 1 for the buffalo and the sheep) and through the entire intestinal tract, MRT (57.50 and 58.88 h for the buffalo and the sheep) does not show significant differences in the two species. The passage rate of the marker of the solid particles in buffalo rumen, at variance with the structural carbohydrates of the diet, is more variable compared with that of the sheep.     

正则化半监督判别分析方法

为了克服加权线性判别分析(WLDA)只利用有标签的训练样本而不能反映样本数据流形结构的缺点，提出一种正则化的半监督判别分析方法。首先构建所有样本的近邻图来估计数据的局部流形结构，然后将此作为正则项引入WLDA的准则函数中。该方法避免了类内散度矩阵奇异，同时保持了样本数据的判别结构和几何结构。在ORL和YALE人脸数据库上的实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

现代汽车微机测控网络系统

设计了一种汽车测控网络系统，将测试的数据通过网络系统发送到多台计算机上，各计算机可随时调用检测到的各种信息，进行数据分析及故障诊断，实现资源共享．为现代汽车的教学培训、研究设计提供了一种有效的手段。     

家蚕核型多角体病毒egt基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术对已克隆的ＢｍＮＰＶＺＪ ８株的ｅｇｔ基因５′端非编码区序列进行删除,并将ＰＣＲ片段克隆到质粒ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ８中,测序结果表明ＰＣＲ扩增的片段完全正确,接着将经过改造的ｅｇｔ基因克隆于大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＥＴ２２ｂ（＋）中,在大肠杆菌中高效表达了ＢｍＮＰＶｅｇｔ基因。同时,对Ｂｍ ＮＰＶｅｇｔ基因的密码子使用作了分析。