花生DNA导入大豆育种效果的研究

利用花粉管通道在大豆自花授粉后将花生ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆受体中，引起受体的结荚习性、株高、成熟期，主茎节数、分枝数、产量性状和化学品质等性状的广泛变异。对变异株进行选择，获得了产量比受体提高１１．９％～２５．１％，蛋白质含量提高３．９％～５．３％的变异株系。实验结果表明：利用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术进行生态性状、产量性状和化学品质方向的育种是可能的。     

关于我国设立刑事证据开示制度的思考

1996年《刑事诉讼法》的修改，产生了律师阅卷难问题。为解决这一问题，真正实现控辩双方公平对抗，我国应设立刑事证据开示制度。文章对刑事证据开示制度的内涵、设立的必要性、设立的原则以及具体建议进行法律思考。     

大白菜细胞核雄性不育基因向自交系97A407的转育

根据复等位基因遗传假说 ,利用大白菜核不育系 9810 9和已知基因型的甲型两用系可育株 99135 2作为不育源 ,以大白菜自交系 97A40 7为目标亲本 ,经过 5个世代的转育 ,获得了具有 97A40 7遗传基因型的新甲型两用系、临时保持系和雄性不育系。     

不同土豆添加量对蝴蝶兰“光芒四射”增殖生长的影响

以蝴蝶兰"光芒四射"增殖芽为外植体,研究了不同的土豆添加量对其增殖倍率及转接周期的影响。结果表明,在K6培养基中加入土豆40g/L对"光芒四射"的增殖效果最好,使其转接周期从60d缩至50d,增殖倍率从1.80增至2.52。     

农业国家技术发明奖一等奖概况及案例分析

文章简述了国家技术发明奖概念，结合农业科技实际，分析了农业国家技术发明一等奖的概况及其特点，并对农业国家技术发明一等奖典型案例进行分析，为组织国家重大科技项目、获得国际先进水平科技成果提供新的启示。     

Tick-borne encephalitis epidemic in Hungary 1951–2021: The story and lessons learned

The authors analysed epidemiological data of the Hungarian tick-borne encephalitis epidemic from the past seven decades. A total of 911 meningitis serosa cases were described from 1930-1950 s by local hospital physicians, indicating that the virus had been present in the country decades before its official identification in 1952. The virus spread freely in the 1950s–1960s, occupying almost all habitats where ticks occurred in large numbers. The increasing number of cases drove authorities to classify this illness as a notifiable disease in 1977 and to organize the first measures to stop the epidemic. Statistical analysis revealed that the large-scale vaccination launched from the 1990s was responsible for the sharp decrease in the number of human cases from 1997. A significant negative correlation was found between the number of vaccine doses sold and human cases 6 years later. The TBEV endemic area covers 16.57% of the territory and 16.65% of the population of the country. In the last 10 years, 186,000 vaccine doses/year in average were enough to keep the incidence of human TBEV infections between 0.45 and 0.06/100,000 persons. A 20-year-long study found evidence for easing clinical signs in TBEV-infected hospitalized patients. Statistics found a sharp decrease in the number of samples sent for TBEV diagnosis after 1989. Male dominance of patients was characteristic of the epidemics since the 1940s, but now analysis of detailed data from the 1981–2021 period (60.5%–87.5%) proved the statistical significance of this dominance. Obviously, the voluntary vaccination programme was the tool which broke the spread of the epidemic. Widespread public awareness of the disease and the tick vector, probable evolutionary spread of less pathogenic virus strains supplemented with the vaccination campaign led to a negligible level of human TBE cases in Hungary in the last years.     

基于迁移学习的无人机影像耕地信息提取方法

随着精准农业技术的发展,对农作物用地信息快速、准确提取的需求越来越高。同时,无人机技术以其方便、高效、具有低空云下飞行能力等优势被广泛应用于自然资源的调查中。但无人机影像普遍光谱信息较为匮乏,因此很难准确、快速地提取出耕地信息。基于此,提出了一种利用迁移学习机制的耕地提取方法(TLCLE)。首先,利用深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)剔除线状地物(道路、田埂等),然后,通过引入迁移学习机制将DCNN特征训练过程中得到的特征提取方法迁移到耕地提取中,最后,将所提方法与利用易康(e Cognition)软件进行耕地提取(ECLE)结果进行对比。研究结果表明:对于实验影像1、2,TLCLE方法耕地提取总体精度分别为91.9%、88.1%,ECLE方法总体精度分别为90.3%、88.3%,2种方法提取精度相当,在保证耕地地块完整、连续性上TLCLE方法优于ECLE方法。     

机动车驾驶员疲劳状态的仿真分析研究

通过对驾驶员的驾驶操纵过程进行分析,应用传递函数这一经典控制理论工具,构建了驾驶员的行为操纵模型,并在MATLAB/Simulink仿真环境下实现,通过对机动车驾驶员的正常状态和疲劳状态进行仿真比较分析,表明驾驶员在疲劳状态时比正常状态时需要更长的操纵时间才能跟随着道路环境的变化,其果断性和灵敏性、实时性均下降很多,为进一步研究机动车驾驶员的疲劳状态奠定了理论基础。     

旋耕机整机试验模态分析

以试验模态分析为手段，研究ＩＧ－１８０Ａ旋耕机整机振动模态特征，讨论了模态参数和频响函数分析用于旋耕机设计的问题，提出了旋耕机减重设计中应综合考虑强度可靠性和刚度可靠性的观点，并指出了补偿整体刚度的几种途径。     

湖南省退耕还林生态型、生态经济型典型模式绩效调查分析

调壹发现：①退耕还林工程建设改善了我省生态环境,调整了农业产业结构,促进了农民增收;②退耕还林要与当地林农的种植习惯相结合,尽量多采用当地经济价值高、生态防护效果好的乡土树种,注重三大效益有机结合;③退耕还林必须把政府引导、重点扶持、产品综合利用开发及市场培育等有机结合起来,走生态、经济、社会共同发展之路。