中国高粱光温类型的初步研究

1、在短光照或温室条件件下高粱品种出苗～抽穗期日数显著缩短,供试品种平均比对照分别缩短12.5天和13.635天,缩短百分率分别为18.8和20.5;伴随苗穗期日数的缩短,叶片数在短光或温室条件下分别减少3.9和4.275片,减少百分数分别为22.24和24.22;株高分别降低60.15和47.65厘米,降低百分数为25.88和20.5,表明光、温直接影响高粱的生育进程和器官建成的数量与结构。 2、高粱品种生育日数变化主要反映在出苗～抽穗期。出苗～抽穗日数在短光或温室条件下分别减少18.8％和20.5％.而抽穗～成熟日数仅减少5.1％和8.3％,表明高粱出苗～抽穗期是光温反应的最大效应期。 3、不同品种在短光或温室条件下性状变化的趋势一致,但程度明显不同;同一品种同一性状在上述条件下变化程度也不同。根据供试品种对光温敏感的程度划为四大类群,其数量与地理分布如下: Ⅰ、光温敏感型,占试验品种总数的20％.分布在长江以北,辽宁以南地区。Ⅱ、温敏感型,包括温敏感光中度敏感型和温敏感光迟钝型,占25%,分布在黄河以北,北纬45℃以南的山西、内蒙、辽宁、河北北部和吉林南部。Ⅲ、光敏感型、包括光敏感沮中度敏感型和光敏感温迟钝型,占12.5％,分布在黄河(北纬35°)以南,南岭(北纬25°)以北地区。Ⅳ、中度敏感型占42.5％,分布广且没有明显的地带性。试验未发现对光、温都迟钝的类型。北方温敏感型品种较多,短日性较弱,南方光敏感型品种较多,短日性强、感温性中等或较弱。不同光温类型的形成、分布与其所处的生态环境即光温条件和栽培制度密切相关。 4、温敏感型和光敏感型中早熟品种较多,占86％,光温敏感型品种既有早熟的,中熟的、也有晚熟的,所以光温敏感的品种不一定全是早熟品种,而晚熟品种也并非对光温反应不敏感。中度敏感型品种也有早熟、中熟和晚熟之分。在不同光温条件和栽培制度下,不同光温类型熟性变化的主导因素不同。 5、光、温在形成高粱不同类型过程中的效应是相互联系而又有区别的,光、温效应对不同环境下的不同类型有主次之分,大小之别;光、温效应在高粱不同发育阶段既是同步性的,又是顺序性的。     

MENSURATION OF THE NORMAL PITUITARY GLAND FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES IN 96 DOGS

The pituitary gland was measured from transverse magnetic resonance T1-weighted images after Gadolinium administration in 96 dogs weighing from 13 to 45 kg. The measurements were done by hand with calipers. The mean (+/- standard deviation) pituitary gland height was 5.1 mm (+/-0.9 mm). The mean width was 6.4 mm (+/- 1.1 mm). The correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, between pituitary measurement and body weight, and brain measurements and body weight was 0.0 to 0.3. A hyperintense region was present on T1-weighted images in the center of the pituitary gland in 64% of the dogs. At necropsy the pituitary glands were grossly and histologically normal. No pituitary gland measurements were performed at necropsy.     

烘烤变黄环境对烤后烟叶石油醚提取物及香吃味的影响

试验采用温湿度二因素回归最优设计,研究贵烟4号变黄阶段烘烤环境与烤后烟叶石油醚提取物含量及香吃味的关系,结果表明:在温度32℃~42℃、相对湿度75%~95%范围内,随着变黄温湿度的逐渐升高,烤后烟叶石油醚提取物含量及香吃味评吸得分均表现出先逐渐增加而后又下降的趋势;在控制变黄温度约37℃~38℃,相对湿度84%~90%即干湿差约1.5℃~2℃烤后烟叶石油醚提取物含量及香吃味评吸得分较高;分析结果还表明,烤后烟叶的石油醚提取物含量与香吃味评吸得分表现出较好的相关性。     

电子自旋共振在竹材研究中的应用：竹材自由基研究 二

本文分析和讨论了碱处理对苦竹试样自由基的影响,探讨了经水洗使碱性减弱后试样自由基浓度的变化,并对紫外光照射、温度变化导致的自由基浓度的改变作了测定。结果表明,碱处理对试样自由基浓度有明显降低作用;水洗对减弱碱性对于自由基浓度的影响有一定作用,但不显著;紫外光照射对竹材自由基有微弱作用,但对毛竹、杨木自由基有明显影响;温度对自由基浓度有较大影响,但若试样形态不同,温度与自由基浓度变化关系图也有差异。     

Analysis of a Long-term Experiment with Repeated-measurement Models

Long‐term experiments are a classical case of repeated measurements. Traits are measured on the same experimental unit over many years so that correlations arise between the observations made on the same plot in consecutive years. This paper describes the analysis of a three‐crop‐rotation long‐term experiment. We analysed the yields of the crops and the organic carbon content in the topsoil over 30 consecutive years. Several variance–covariance approaches are discussed and the trait‐specific best fit is interpreted. Mixed models are used to describe the structure of the experiment. Both yields and soil organic carbon show a more or less pronounced variance heterogeneity. Especially for yields, the heterogeneity of cycles and years is dominant. The consideration of correlations results in a better model fit in all cases.     

温度和砷对不同品种水稻幼苗生长和砷吸收的影响

为明确温度和外源砷对水稻生长发育的影响,选取江苏地区常见的8个水稻品种为试验材料,通过添加不同浓度外源砷[0(As0)、0.5(As0.5) 和1 mg?L-1(As1)]和模拟不同温度[白天/夜晚分别为30 ℃/25 ℃（T0）和35 ℃/30 ℃（T1）],在人工气候箱内进行了发芽和苗期培养试验,并分析了8个品种水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长及砷含量状况。结果表明,外源砷对水稻的芽长和活力指数具有抑制作用,与对照（T0As0）相比,T0As1处理使不同品种水稻的芽长和活力指数分别降低13.69%~43.34%和28.14%~52.88%。 而温度对水稻种子萌发的影响与水稻品种有关。在T1处理下,盐两优1618的发芽率、芽长和活力指数均优于其他品种。温度和外源砷的共同作用显著降低了不同品种水稻的芽长（P<0.05）。与T0As0相比,T1As1使水稻芽长显著降低5.66%~43.34%。水稻根长和根系活力显著受到温度和外源砷的单一因素的影响。与T0As0相比,T0As1处理使水稻根系活力降低3.01%~58.21%。温度和外源砷的共同作用抑制了水稻根长和根系活力,其中T1As1使水稻根系活力显著降低53.80%~89.01%。不同品种水稻的苗高和根系活力在相同温度或外源砷处理下具有显著差异（P<0.05）,其中盐两优888的苗高和根系活力均处于较高水平。水稻茎叶砷含量在外源砷处理下显著增加,在增温处理下却降低。与单一的砷处理相比,温度和外源砷的共同作用降低了水稻茎叶的砷含量。综上可知,温度和外源砷影响水稻的生长及砷吸收,但水稻生长状况具有明显的品种间差异,其中盐两优888和盐两优1618在增温和外源砷共存条件下的种子萌发和生长状况优于其他水稻品种。     

温度对GF43李离体保存中老化作用的影响

 研究了不同温度对GF₄₃李( ^{_{Prunus domestica}} L. ) 试管苗生长及老化过程的影响。结果表明在16 ℃保存条件下GF₄₃试管苗的营养生长缓慢, 8 ℃保存GF₄₃试管苗的营养生长极缓慢, SOD、CAT 和POD 等保护酶系统的活性维持较高水平, 体内O₂ 自由基、丙二醛(MDA) 含量较低, 细胞膜结构相对稳定, 从而延缓了试管苗的衰老, 延长了两次继代之间的时间, 对试管苗的保存十分有利。     

不同培养条件对鲍鱼菇菌丝生长的影响

通过不同温度、pH值及培养基含水量处理 ,对鲍鱼菇菌丝生长状况进行了研究。结果表明鲍鱼菇菌丝生长适宜的温度范围为 2 0～ 31℃ ,最适温度为 2 5～2 8℃ ;pH值适宜的范围为 4 0～ 7 0 ,最适pH值为 5 5～6 0 ;培养基含水量适宜的范围为 6 0 %～ 80 % ,最适含水量为 80 %。     

温度对杨树菇栽培性状影响的统计学分析

分析了温度环境因子对杨树菇生长发育的影响 ,研究结果表明 :菌丝体营养生长以 2 5～ 2 7℃为最适。原基分化温度 11～ 16℃ ,子实体发育以 13～ 2 6℃最适 ,不同菌株的最适温度存在差异。通过对日平均气温与杨树菇生产周期和产量、品质的关系试验 ,温度与病害发生关系试验 ,用统计分析方法得出了杨树菇各生理阶段的最适温度范围 ,为杨树菇的优质高产栽培提供了温度环境因子的基础数据和调控依据。     

Study of some factors affecting the growth and development of myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe)

In order to optimise production of the edible flower buds produced by myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe) a greater understanding of the growth and development of the plant and factors influencing flower initiation and development are required. The vegetative growth phase in myoga was characterised by a distinct period of pseudostem development from the planted rhizome piece followed by an extended period of rhizome growth from both the base of pseudostems and the planted rhizome piece. The transition from pseudostem formation to the initiation of rhizome growth occurred at the same time as the dry weight of the planted rhizome piece ceased to decline. Flower bud initiation and development occurred over an extended period, beginning soon after the commencement of new rhizome growth and ending prior to foliage senescence. Flower buds were observed at the terminal meristem of first, second, third and fourth order rhizomes. Increasing temperatures stimulated both increased vegetative growth and flower bud initiation and development. Low flower bud yields recorded under conditions of low temperature were the result of reduced rate of floral initiation and not abortion of flower buds. Increased shading of plants grown under glasshouse conditions resulted in reduced flower bud yield and similarly the response resulted from decreased initiation rather than abortion.