保湿型洗手液的配制及其对小麦种子萌发的影响

[目的]为了降低生活污水排放对环境的影响.[方法]配制清洁保湿型洗手液,并检测其对小麦种子萌发的影响.[结果]稀释100倍洗手液的溶液会对小麦种子发芽产生较显著的影响,而稀释300倍以上的自配洗手液对小麦发芽几乎没有影响.[结论]该产品高效环保,且使用后作为生活污水排放对环境的危害小.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对五氯酚钠光解体系的影响

研究了不同浓度的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对五氯酚钠在水溶液中光解的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂不直接参与五氯酚钠的光反应;在(ρSDBS)小于其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,SDBS对五氯酚钠的光反应有抑制作用,而ρ(SDBS)大于其CMC时,SDBS胶束的形成对五氯酚钠的光反应有加速的趋势。推测是由于ρ(SDBS)在达到CMC之前,对光解的影响以光吸收作用为主,对五氯酚钠光解有一定的抑制;而达到CMC后,胶束内部类似有机相的环境,对五氯酚钠有富集作用,从而加速五氯酚钠的光反应。     

洗涤效果与温度关系的理论探讨

表面活性剂是洗涤剂的必要组分。分析温度与不同表面活性剂的溶解度、表面张力和加溶作用的关系,结果表明,温度对洗涤效果的影响是多方面的。     

A simple diffusion model of the effect of droplet size and spread area on foliar uptake of hydrophilic compounds

The uptake of a hydrophilic active ingredient through the leaves of plants is mathematically modelled as a simple diffusion process. A three layer model is considered consisting of the droplet, the cuticle and the subcuticle. Translocation of the active ingredient from the subcuticle is allowed for as is depletion of the active ingredient from the droplet. Both the effect of the size of the droplets on the leaf surface and surfactant enhanced spreading of the droplet is examined. It is found that decreasing the size of the droplet leads to an increase in the percentage uptake of the active ingredient. Increasing the spread area of the droplet is found to increase the percentage uptake with the effect greatest in larger droplets.     

1,1—二甲基—7—异丙基—1,2,3,4—四氢萘—6—磺酸钠的合成

文章探讨了１，１－二甲基－７－异丙基－１，２，３，４－四氢萘－６－磺酸钠合成的磺化工艺。通过实验室的试验，确定了适宜的工艺条件，１，１－二甲基－７－惜内基－１，２，３，４，－四四氢萘与浓度硫酸的配比为１：１０．５（ｍｏｌ比），反应温度９０±２℃，反应时间２０ｍｉｎ，产品得率达８０．３％。同时测定了产物表面活性性能，可用作表面活性剂。     

表面活性剂溶液清洗油污土壤试验研究

选用两种阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及两种非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100和Tween 80,研究了临界胶束浓度(CMC)附近各表面活性剂溶液对柴油的增溶及一次性清洗油污土壤的能力。结果表明:在CMC附近,各表面活性剂对柴油的增溶能力大小顺序为SDSSDS>Triton X-100>Tween 80,两种阴离子型表面活性剂的清洗效果优于两种非离子型表面活性剂。     

废水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的分析与检测

目的：建立一种简便、快速的测定废水中十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDS）的紫外可见分光光度检测法。方法：利用3种显色剂对SDS进行UV-vis测定,外标法定量。结果：SDS在6～14mg/L范围内线性关系良好。对2种废水进行的加标回收实验的回收率分别为96.7%和97.2%,相对标准偏差分别为5.2%和2.9%。结论：该方法操作简便,能够满足生活废水中SDS含量的测定要求。     

产表面活性剂菌的筛选和验证实验研究

[目的]探究废弃钻井液中产表面活性剂菌株的性能.[方法]以废弃的钻井液为原材料,利用生物表面活性剂的性质进行产表面活性剂菌株的培养和筛选,并且将筛选出来的产表面活性剂菌进行排油活性和乳化性能的测定.[结果]筛选出的产表面活性剂菌排油圈的直径约为4 cm,乳化层初始较厚,1d后变薄.[结论]筛选出的产表面活性剂菌排油活性较好,但乳化性能不稳定.     

表面活性剂增效微波提取紫荆花红色素的研究

以表面活性剂为增溶剂，微波水相提取紫荆花红色素的工艺。筛选出紫荆花红色素的最佳增溶剂为十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)，确定最佳提取的条件为：微波档数高火，提取时间50s，K12浓度0．03％，提取料液比1：80g／mL。     

Plant secondary metabolites, biphenyl, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin effects on aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl removal and microbial community structure in soils

Biphenyl and several plant secondary metabolites (PSM) (carvone, isoprene, limonene, naringin, and coumarin) and surfactant (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, (HP-β-CD)) have been shown to improve aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) removal by several bacterial species. The objective of this study was to determine whether these treatments also affect PCB removal and microbial community structure in a high organic matter soil (Pahokee soil series with 67% organic matter) and low organic matter soil (Woolper soil series with 6% organic matter), as determined by monitoring changes in PCB levels and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) profiles in laboratory microcosms amended with these compounds. Biphenyl enhanced di-chlorinated and tri-chlorinated biphenyl removal in both soils, but PSM did not improve removal of these congeners. On the contrary, HP-β-CD decreased PCB removal when used in combination with biphenyl. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that HP-β-CD significantly increased tetra- and penta-chlorinated biphenyl removal from the high organic matter soil, but not from the low organic matter soil. Principal components analysis of PLFA data indicated that HP-β-CD increased proportions of 18:1ω7c associated with Gram-negative bacteria, but decreased 10me16 and 10me17 lipid associated with Gram-positive bacteria, while biphenyl and PSMs had no detectable effects on soil microbial communities. PCB removal was not correlated to any PLFA. In conclusion, PSM previously shown to enhance PCB removal in soil-free systems were not effective in two divergent soils evaluated in this study, and HP-β-CB had increase, decrease, or no effect on PCB removal depending on types of PCB congeners, soils, and co-amendments.