兴仁小白壳薏苡不同播期对产量的影响

为探索适宜兴仁县薏苡种植的最佳播种时期，在兴仁县开展了薏苡不同播期对产量影响的试验。试验共设9个播期，梯度为7 d，播种时间从3月19日－5月14日。试验结果表明，兴仁小白壳薏苡的最佳播期是3月19日－4月16日，并且在此期间播种，薏苡产量较高。     

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.     

基于果壳孔隙率测定的荔枝干燥仿真

针对荔枝干燥性能受果壳孔隙结构制约问题,通过电镜观察了果壳不同表面的孔隙形态,应用Image Pro软件,计算了其平均孔隙率。通过构建荔枝多层结构水分高温蒸发与热质传输耦合模型,采用Fluent软件,仿真了荔枝70℃干燥过程温度、压力、速度的变化,并比较了该过程的水相体积分数仿真结果与试验值差异。结果表明：荔枝果壳各表面孔隙结构存在自相似性,其平均孔隙率为0.516±0.032;荔枝干燥失水,果体温度由果壳向内传导,渐近平衡;果壳内表面形成逐渐增大的负压差;果肉表面水蒸气速度低,压差小,随时间增加,水蒸气速度及压差波动均增大;仿真结果与试验值能较好对应。     

西施舌形态性状与体质量性状的相关性分析

为研究西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)野生群体壳体性状对体质量性状的影响,文章以广西北海铁山港海区采集的178只西施舌为研究对象,测量壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、前缘长(AL)、后缘长(GL)、壳质量(SM)、软体部质量(VM)、活体质量(BM),以壳体性状(SH、SL、SW、AL、G...     

一种新的获取海洋贝类基因组DNA的取样方法

[目的]探讨一种新的获取海洋贝类基因组DNA的取样方法,为开展珍稀贝类的分子生物学研究提供参考。[方法]以文蛤、栉江瑶、翡翠贻贝、香港巨牡蛎、毛蚶为供试材料,以闭壳（合）肌全基因组DNA作为参考,采用常规酚-氯仿法抽提贝类贝腔液基因组DNA,使用生物光度计法、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、目的片段扩增测序验证其质量,并建立系统发育树检测其来源的真实可靠性。[结果]采用常规酚/氯仿基因组DNA提取方法获得的贝腔液DNA质量优于闭壳（合）肌DNA,蛋白质、多酚色素污染较少,完全满足目的片段扩增测序;系统发育进化树则证实了贝腔液并非外源污染。[结论]从贝腔液中获取基因组DNA是完全可行的,并可将其用于目的基因片段的扩增。     

马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因的鉴定及对矿化相关基因表达的影响

胰岛素样生长因子2结合蛋白( IGF2BPs)是一种重要的RNA代谢调控因子,涉及多个不同的生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因,命名为PfIGF2BP1-1,该基因cDNA全长为7348 bp,ORF长 1818 bp,编码605个氨基酸。多序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PfIGF2BP1-1有2个RRM结构域和4个KH结构域,与其他物种来源的IGF2BPs同源。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PfIGF2BP1-1 在马氏珠母贝的8个组织中均有表达,在肌肉组织表达最高,其次为足和外套膜组织。利用pET-32a 原核表达载体构建了含有PfIGF2BP1-1成熟多肽区的重组质粒并成功表达蛋白。在IPTG浓度为0.5 mmol/L,37 ℃培养8 h的条件下诱导表达PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白最佳。PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白刺激马氏珠母贝外套膜原代细胞,引起壳基质蛋白基因Accbp、MSI7、Nacrein的表达水平显著上升(p < 0.05),表明PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白可诱导壳矿化相关基因的表达参与马氏珠母贝的生物矿化过程。     

Effects of mechanical stress in under-sized clams, Tapes philippinarum: a laboratory approach

The present study is a first attempt at evaluating the effects of repeated disturbance, such as that caused by mechanical fishing systems, on the target species, Tapes philippinarum, intensively exploited in the Lagoon of Venice (North-East Italy). In particular, in free-access fishing grounds, detrimental effects of dredging may be suffered by under-sized clams, which are disturbed by fishing tools many times throughout their lives before they are collected. Similar mechanical stress conditions are experienced by T. philippinarum in licensed areas, where they are farmed in aquaculture conditions and undergo the harmful impact of hydraulic dredging. To evaluate the effects of short-term mechanical stress, under-sized clams were subjected to experimental shaking in the laboratory, and detrimental effects on their well-being were investigated by applying the biomarker approach. Changes in physiological, biochemical and behavioural responses were evaluated by determining scope for growth, adenylate energy charge, survival in air time, reburrowing time, and shell damage level. Responses highlighted general worsening in clam condition as mechanical stress increased. Among the various measurements, survival in air and reburrowing time appeared particularly suitable as indices, their responsiveness and applicability suggesting their use in assessing mechanical stress due to dredging in field conditions.     

核桃坚果呼吸特性研究

１、坚果含水量是影响呼吸速率的主要因了，呼吸速度与坚果含水量呈指数型相关，含水量８％以上下时，呼吸速率较低，变化较小。２、呼吸速率与环境温度呈抛物线型相关，最高值出现在３３℃。３．不同时期采收的坚果，其呼吸速率有明显差异，与出仁率及种仁脂类含量呈显著正相关。４．不同种及品种的坚果，呼吸速率有明显差异，与坚果缝合线紧密度呈显著负相关。     

黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛二色补血草生长和保护酶特性对盐胁迫的响应

用不同浓度的NaCl溶液(0,50,100,200,300 mmol/L)模拟盐胁迫,研究盐胁迫对二色补血草幼苗生长特性及保护酶系统的影响.结果表明:(1)100和200 mmol/L盐胁迫下,根长和叶片数分别为对照的1.3,1.67倍,根(叶)鲜重、干重显著高于对照;根鲜重和叶干重在100 mmol/L盐胁迫下最高,分别为对照的1.35,1.6倍;300 mmol/L盐胁迫下,根长和叶片数均为对照的0.78倍,根(叶)鲜重、干重分别为对照的0.67(0.79)和0.85(0.69).地上、地下生物量受盐胁迫的抑制程度大小不明显.(2)随着盐胁迫的增加,二色补血草叶片中SOD,POD,CAT 3种保护酶活性均呈上升趋势,在盐浓度为300 mmol/L时活性最大,分别为对照的2.12,1.83,2.57倍;MDA含量在盐浓度300 mmol/L下,才显著高于对照,为对照的1.6倍.(3)从研究结果初步判定,二色补血草具有较强的耐盐性,可以在盐浓度300 mmol/L以下的环境中生长.     

两种壳色虾夷扇贝的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术对两种壳色虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis的遗传多样性和遗传结构及其分化进行研究。用筛选出的22个随机引物对白色贝和褐色贝各40个个体进行RAPD扩增,进行群体内及群体间的遗传学分析。白色贝共检测出128个多态位点,多态位点的比例为79．5％,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0．424;褐色贝共检测出127个多态位点,多态位点的比例为78．9％,Shannon遗传多样性指数为0．423。白色贝和褐色贝之间的遗传相似性指数和遗传距离为0．961和0．039,二者之间的遗传分化指数Gst为0．052,遗传分化的程度较低。结果表明,白色贝和褐色贝之间的等位基因频率、多态位点的比例和遗传多样性等的差别不明显,遗传变异主要来自于群体内。S285—1在褐色贝大部分个体中都能获得扩增片段,但在白色贝所有个体中均未见这个位点的扩增片段,推断S285—1为白色贝的特异阴性片段。