植保无人飞机喷施叶面肥作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

为探究植保无人飞机（大疆T30）作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。本文利用3个因素（作业高度、作业速度、亩用液量）,3因子的正交实验,进行植保无人飞机喷洒枇杷树的喷雾试验。试验结果表明：从雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率和雾滴穿透性等因素来看,植保无人飞机对枇杷树的最佳作业参数为：作业高度2.0m、作业速度4.5m·s-1、亩用液量2.0L。对雾滴穿透冠层的影响最大的因素是工作高度;在1.5m的作业高度下雾滴沉积穿透性最佳。本研究对指导植保无人飞机枇杷树精准喷施叶面肥具有重要意义。     

杜仲叶中绿原酸稳定性研究及沉降试验

研究了绿原酸的稳定性并进行了沉降试验,结果表明,绿原酸在温度小于60℃保持4 h以下及酸性、室内闭光的条件下比较稳定,而在碱性、强光照射下不稳定;同时,沉降剂(cjh∶cjj=1∶3)使用不利于杜仲叶中有效成分绿原酸的提取,造成绿原酸1%的损失。     

锌添加水平对断奶仔猪不同组织中锌沉积的影响

试验选用 40头 2 8日龄断奶仔猪 ,随机分为 5组 ,分别饲喂添加不同锌水平的日粮 ( 80 ,2 4 0 ,1 0 0 0 ,30 0 0 ,5 0 0 0mg/kg) ,研究日粮添加不同水平锌对断奶仔猪机体组织锌沉积的影响。结果表明 :高锌添加使肝脏、肾脏、趾骨、血清、毛发及粪锌含量极显著上升 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而背最长肌、扁桃体和胸腺锌含量则只有在添加 5 0 0 0mg/kg日粮锌时含量显著上升 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,脾脏锌含量则随着高锌的添加变化差异不显著P >0 .0 5 ) ;低锌添加 ( 80mg/kg和 2 4 0mg/kg)对机体各组织及粪锌含量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

Schwermetall‐ und schadstoffbelastung im unteren odertal und konsequenzen für die grünlandnutzung

Anthropogen verursachte Stofffrachten haben seit Beginn der Industrialisierung zur Sedimentation und Anreicherung von Schwermetallen und Schadstoffen in der weitgehend naturbelassenen Flussaue der unteren Oder geführt. Für die Grünlandnutzung in diesem Bereich des heutigen Deutsch‐Polnischen Nationalpark ergeben sich folgerichtig Einschränkungen in Form des Verbots der Milchproduktion. Boden‐, Sediment‐ und Pflanzengehalte sind seit 1990 raumbezogen analysiert worden. Hohe Gehalte im Boden haben nicht zwangsläufig hohe Pflanzengehalte bewirkt, wohl aber war sichtbar, dass die Gehalte in Senkenarealen meist höher als auf den übrigen Flächen lagen. Überhöhte Gehalte in den Pflanzen im Sinne der deutschen Futtermittelverordnung traten vor allem bei Cadmium und Mangan auf. Extensive Weidehaltung mit Mutterkühen, Mast‐ und Jungrindern ist unter Ausgrenzung von Problembereichen möglich.     

The potential contribution of separation technologies to the management of livestock manure

Separation processes have a distinct role in the management of livestock slurries, but it is important to recognise their limitations. Such technology can direct certain manure components into a small volume of a concentrated stream which is useful for the production of organic products in subsequent processes. Equipment generally falls into systems based either on mechanical screening (which can produce a fibrous and seemingly dry product), filtration processes (producing a cake), or sedimentation leading to a sludge product. Although physical separation can remove up to 80% of the total solids content from livestock manures, this will only include a relatively small part of the soluble nutrient and of the reactive organic matter; this is particularly so where separation is based on screens. The complete removal of all suspended matter (total clarification) of an effluent is theoretically possible by settling — a decanter centrifuge will accelerate the process. This can remove most of the phosphorous, especially if coupled with chemical pre-treatment to raise the pH. However, the clarified stream still retains a significant polluting potential in terms of the residual nitrogen content (as ammonia) and potassium. Only membrane separation can greatly reduce the potassium concentration, but such technology is rarely suitable for the farm situation.     

黄淮麦区小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及亚基组成与品质性状关系的研究

对黄淮麦区的77个不同小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及亚基组成与蛋白质含量和沉降值之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明:Glu-1三位点的亚基等位变异共有13种,A1位点亚基1出现频率最高,为71.05%,亚基2*最低,仅为3.94%;B1位点亚基7 9和7 8相对频率最高,分别为43.42%和31.58%,亚基17 18出现频率最低,为1.32%;D1位点亚基2 12出现频率最高,为52.63%,亚基4 12最低,为3.16%。值得注意的是,优质亚基14 15和5 10,在B1和D1位点分别出现了较高的频率,为10.53%和31.21%。三位点亚基对蛋白质含量的效应分别表示为:1≥2*>Null,14 15≥17 18≥7 8>7>7 9>20≥6 8,5 10>2 12≥4 12。对沉降值的效应分别表示为:2*≥1>Null,14 15≥7 8>7≥17 18>7 9≥20>6 8,5 10>2 12≥4 12。在蛋白质含量水平上,亚基组成1、14 15、2 12,1、7 8、5 10,1、7、5 10和1、7 9、5 10相对较高;在沉降值水平上,亚基组成1、7 8、5 10和1、14 15、2 12相对较高。因此,研究认为三位点分别为1或2*、7 8或14 15、5 10是品质优良的最佳亚基组合。     

Use of fallout Cs in investigations of overbank sediment deposition on river floodplains

River floodplains have been recognised as important sinks for storing suspended sediment and associated contaminants mobilised from the upstream catchment. However, information on contemporary rates of overbank sedimentation is difficult to obtain using conventional methods. Measurements of the ¹³⁷Cs content of floodplain sediments provide an alternative approach to obtaining; estimates of medium-term rates (ca. 40 years) of overbank sediment deposition. The ¹³⁷Cs approach requires only a single site visit and minimum sample preparation. Furthermore, it is capable of providing information on spatial patterns of sediment deposition on floodplains, which is needed to improve our understanding of the processes involved in overbank flow and sediment deposition. This paper reviews the basis for using ¹³⁷Cs measurements in floodplain sedimentation studies and presents improved procedures for interpreting ¹³⁷Cs profiles in floodplain sediments and for obtaining estimates of sedimentation rates from single measurements of the total. ¹³⁷Cs inventories of bulk sediment cores. The results obtained from a case study undertaken on the floodplain of the River Stour, Dorset, UK, are presented.     

Composition and Content of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits and Their Effects on Wheat Quality

Sedimentation values, flour glutenin macropolymer (GMP) contents, composition and contents of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits (GS) of 233 flour samples were determined. Our data indicated that subunit 1 occurred more frequently at Glu-A1, subunit pair 7 + 8 at Glu- B1 and 2 + 12 at Glu-D1. The significant relationships between Glu-1 quality score and total HMW glutenin content, sedimentation value and GMP content suggested that the composition of HMW-GS affects wheat quality strongly. Moreover,the total content of HMW-GS was correlated with certain quality parameters more significantly. Relationship between subunit 5 + 10 content and breadmaking quality was better than others, but 2 + 12, 7 + 8, 7 + 9 and 4 + 12 also correlated with certain quality parameters significantly. The contents of total HMW-glutenin, x-type subunits and y-type subunits related with sedimentation value, flour GMP content, and Glu-1 quality score more strongly than that of individual subunit or subunit pair. The flour GMP content, with excellent correlation to sedimentation value, total contents of HMW glutenin, x- and y-type subunits and many other quality parameters, could be an ideal indicator of breadmaking quality at earlier generations for breeding purpose for its simple procedure and small scale.     

小麦面筋物理品质性状的双列分析

对沉淀值,比沉淀值两个面筋物理品质性状利用Hayman方法进行的分析表明,两性状低值表现部分显性,高值与隐性效应相联系。加性方差和显性方差分量均达显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要。     

典型因素对泥沙特性影响的试验研究

泥沙颗粒在不同的浓度、颗粒大小以及絮凝剂的影响下,其絮凝结构以及沉降速度存在一定的差异,这些差异性对于研究泥沙特性来说具有重要的意义.为了直观演示其差异性,自行设计了试验,采用控制变量的方法,分为5组对比试验.结果表明,上述3种因素对其絮凝结构以及沉降速度有显著影响.