蔬菜幼苗叶面积快速测定方法筛选与优化

为得到一种快速且准确测定蔬菜幼苗叶面积的方法,以番茄幼苗为试材,以方格法为对照,研究扫描分析法、叶面积仪法、打孔称重法测定叶面积的准确性、精确性与测定速度,然后采用黄瓜、辣椒叶片及纸片的面积对测定结果进行验证,最后基于不同扫描分辨率对筛选出的方法进行优化。结果表明,相比叶面积仪法和打孔称重法,扫描分析法测定结果更接近真实值,且精度更高,用时更短。扫描分析法不同分辨率下测定结果无显著差异,且扫描分辨率越低所需测定时间越短。扫描分辨率50 dpi下的扫描分析法可作为一种快速准确测定蔬菜幼苗叶面积的方法。     

云南西双版纳勐腊并殖吸虫成虫扫描电镜观察

目的 是通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察勐腊并殖吸虫成虫体棘、口、腹吸盘．为鉴别其虫种提供资料。方法为直接从人工感染的猫体内解剖取出勐腊并殖吸虫成虫，用2．5％戊二醛和1％锇酸固定后，乙醇脱水，离子溅射仪镀金，JSM-820扫描电镜观察。结果表明云南西双版纳瑶瓦区阿括拿青(阿括拿青)虫体的体棘均为丛生型皮棘。新回宽寨老熊青(老熊青)虫体体棘在腹吸盘上方以单棘为主，偶见双棘。腹吸盘下方，为单双棘混合存在。结论认为从SEM形态观察发现勐腊两个不同点采集的勐腊并殖吸虫形态上不完全相同，存在一定的差异。     

Histological and proteomics analysis of apple defense responses to the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on leaves

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. is an important fungal pathogen known to cause glomerella leaf spot (GLS). The objective of this study was to analyze the infection of C. gloeosporioides on leaves of apple cv. Fuji (resistant) and cv. Gala (susceptible) and apply proteomics techniques to study the apple defense responses 48 h after inoculation (h.a.i.). On both of cultivars, C. gloeosporioides started to germinate at 3 h.a.i. on adaxial surface and produced appressoria adhering to epidermal cell juxtapositions. Histological analysis showed more stratified parenchyma in leaves of cv. Fuji than cv. Gala associated with differences in the chemical composition of cell walls. Total and unique proteins expressed by cvs. Fuji and Gala at 3, 12, 24 and 48 h.a.i. were detected by comparative proteomes analysis. A total of 42 unique proteins expressed at 24 and 48 h.a.i. were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry, and most of these proteins were identified as directly involved in defense responses.     

齿轮激光淬火工艺及性能研究

采用快速轴流CO2激光器的低阶光束模式和轴向分齿扫描方式，可一次扫描整个齿廓，并获得沿齿廓理想分布的硬化带形状，在优化工艺参数的基础上，对20CrMnTi齿轮进行激光淬火，处理结果为：表明为细针状马氏体组织，硬度为HRC61，硬化层深为0.6mm，且硬化层浓度上的硬度分布几乎无变化梯度，可有效地提高齿轮的耐磨性和接触疲劳强度，齿面的激光淬火解决了常规齿轮渗碳工艺中存在的变形难题，可省去后面的磨齿工序，降低生产成本。     

印度谷螟成虫喙的感器及分布

为了很好地理解印度谷螟成虫取食适应性,利用扫描电子显微镜观察其口器的超微形态及感器种类和分布。印度谷螟成虫口器与其他螟蛾口器相似,由小的上唇,左、右下颚的外颚叶嵌合形成的喙,3节的下唇须组成。口器感器主要分布于喙管上,共有4种感器:刺形感器、毛形感器、锥形感器和栓锥形感器。毛形感器数量最多,大量分布于整个喙管;栓锥形感器仅位于喙的端部;锥形感器分布于喙的外表面端部区域和食道内侧,纵向排列。雌雄虫间差异主要表现为,栓锥形感器雌虫较雄虫数量多,锥形感器在食道内雌虫多于雄虫。     

中国蛤蜊鳃的光镜与扫描电镜观察

用光镜和扫描电镜观察了中国蛤蜊鳃的组织学和表面结构。所有鳃丝的组织结构均相同。鳃丝上皮按结构与功能可区分为4个区带：前纤毛柱状细胞区、侧纤毛柱状细胞区、粘液细胞区和扁平细胞区。前纤毛和侧纤毛分别与食物的运送和呼吸水流的产生有关。扁平细胞为呼吸上皮，其结构有助于气体交换。相邻鳃丝通过成排的、含有血管的丝间连接连系。     

真鲷消化道的组织学和形态学研究

采用扫描电镜和光镜技术对真鲷的消化道进行了组织学和形态学研究。具发达颌齿的口咽腔之后，真鲷消化道由分化明显的食道、胃、小肠和直肠构成。口咽腔粘膜表面为复层上皮，其中含有怀状细胞和味蕾，表层细胞具微褶（脊）；食道粘膜也衬着复层上皮，由表层具微褶（脊）的扁平细胞、中层的怀状细胞及底部的基底细胞组成，食道粘部分区域 衬着单层柱状上皮；胃Ｖ形，粘膜表层为单层柱状上皮，贲门部和盲囊部上皮下有一厚层胃腺组织；     

Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons

The effect of different culture methods, cold acclimation and desiccation on the supercooling point (SCP), the melting point (MP) of fluids and the quantity of water freezing (osmotically active water) was investigated in individual cocoons of Enchytraeus crypticus and an undescribed Enchytraeus species using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Both species can be easily cultured in the laboratory in agar where the development and hatching of the worms can be observed. Culture methods (agar with nettle leaves or oats as food and wet filter paper without food supply) had a significant effect on fresh weight and SCP of E. crypticus cocoons. The water content (as a proportion of fresh weight) was slightly lower in the cocoons from the wet filter paper cultures. Acclimation at —3 °C did not affect the supercooling ability of E. crypticus cocoons, whereas the SCP of E. sp.1 cocoons was lowered from a mean of —8.7 to —12.4 °C. The supercooling ability of cocoons of E. crypticus was only slightly increased by desiccation and cold acclimation, but the quantity of frozen water was significantly reduced with acclimation and desiccation (2 and 3 min) at room temperature. The MP values of the cocoon fluids reflected these changes in both species. No cocoons of E. crypticus and E. sp.1 survived desiccation and freezing in our experiments and no worms of Enchytraeus albidus, E. crypticus and Henlea perpusilla survived freezing to —10 or —20 °C.     

几种缓释肥料包膜的性质和分析方法

 为了研制价廉物美、资源丰富、加工方便、适合我国国情的缓释肥料，笔者对国内外市场上出售的部分缓释肥料进行了剖析。方法是：⑴红外光谱进行定性分析；⑵扫描电镜观察微观结构；⑶烘干称重法测定皮芯比；⑷化学分析法测定主要养分含量；⑸浸泡法和淋溶法测定养分的释放速度。这5项参数是缓释肥料的重要指标，为研制国产缓释肥料提供了依据。     

SC-CO_2脱除蛋黄粉中胆固醇机理研究

 研究了在超临界二氧化碳 ( SC- CO2 )脱除蛋黄粉中胆固醇时 ,萃取温度 ( 33℃和 45℃ )和萃取压力 ( 2 0 MPa,2 5MPa和 30 MPa)对蛋黄粉成分和微观结构的影响 ,并对不同萃取温度和压力条件下 SC- CO2 对蛋黄粉中脂类、胆固醇和磷脂溶解的选择性进行了探讨 ,结果表明 ,蛋黄粉中的胆固醇与磷脂在 SC- CO2 中的溶解性规律大体呈相反趋势。对 SC- CO2 处理的蛋黄粉扫描电镜结果表明 ,SC- CO2 具有较强的渗透性和溶解能力 ,可将蛋黄粉颗粒内部的脂类选择性地溶解 ,这样导致蛋黄粉颗粒的破裂 ,其破裂程度与 SC- CO2 的密度和溶解能力有关。