强化栽培条件下水稻的根系特征及其与产量形成的关系

以协优527为材料，研究了强化栽培条件下水稻的根系特征及其与产量形成的关系。结果表明，与常规栽培相比，强化栽培能明显增加从分蘖至成熟各生育时期的单株根系干重，降低齐穗后根系中可溶性糖含量，提高生育后期根系的生理活性及磷含量，特别是在籽粒灌浆结实的关键时期，SRI栽培的根系伤流强度明显高于接常规栽培。因此，强化栽培可以延缓后期根系及叶片衰老，提高结实率及千粒重，进而提高产量。     

Comparative Performance of Rice with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional Management using Different Plant Spacings

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) reportedly enhances the yields of rice (Oryza sativa L.) through synergy among several agronomic management practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects on rice plant characteristics and yield by comparing the plants grown with different methods of cultivation – SRI vs. recommended management practices (RMP) focusing on the impact of different plant spacings. Performance of individual hills was significantly improved with wider spacing compared with closer‐spaced hills in terms of root growth and xylem exudation rates, leaf number and leaf sizes, canopy angle, tiller and panicle number, panicle length and grain number per panicle, grain filling and 1000‐grain weight and straw weight, irrespective of whether SRI or RMP was employed. Both sets of practices gave their highest grain yield with the spacing of 20 × 20 cm; however, SRI yielded 40 % more than the recommended practice. At this spacing, canopies also had the highest leaf area index (LAI) and light interception during flowering stage. The lowest yield was recorded at 30 × 30 cm spacing under both the practices, as a result of less plant population (11 m^?2), despite improved hill performance. During the ripening stage, hills with wider spacing had larger root dry weight, produced greater xylem exudates, and transported these towards shoot at faster rates. These features contributed to the maintenance of higher chlorophyll levels, enhanced fluorescence and photosynthesis rates of leaves and supported more favourable yield attributes and grain yield in individual hills than in closely‐spaced plants. Moreover, these parameters further improved in SRI, apart from the enhanced percentage of effective tillers and showed substantial and positive impacts on grain yield (17 %) compared with recommended practice. In conclusion, wide spacing beyond optimum plant density, however, does not give higher grain yield on an area basis and for achieving this, a combination of improved hills with optimum plant population must be worked out for SRI.     

改良型强化栽培条件下两优培九生育后期群体特性研究

对杂交水稻组两优培九在不同改良强化栽培条件下的群体形成特性进行了比较分析。结果显示，在改良强化栽培条件下，水稻生育后期的功能叶面积下降缓慢，叶绿素衰减幅度减小，粒叶比增大，群体质量明显改善，显著提高水稻产量。采用SRI核心技术，双本插植与单本插植产量差异不显著；直播可以减少水稻的插植的用工量，还可以获得较高的经济产量。     

单季晚稻强化栽培的生育特性表现及高产途径分析

试验结果表明 :单季晚稻实行强化栽培具有早栽早发 ,有效分蘖期长 ,单株分蘖多 ,根系发达等个体强化特征特性 ,其高产途径是强个体、适群体 ,争大穗 ,夺高产 ,是传统穗粒兼顾高产途径向大穗更高产途径改进的新型技术 ,不仅增产潜力大 ,而且省工节本。     

【Short Report】Influence of the Improved System of Rice Intensification (SRI) on Rice Yield,Yield Components and Tillering Characteristics under Different Rice Establishment Methods

Abstract

The impacts of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional management (CM) on grain yield, yield components and tillering capacity were examined under 4 rice establishment methods transplanting (TP), seedling casting (SC), mechanical transplanting (MT) and direct seeding (DS). SRI produced significantly higher grain yield than CM under TP and MT but not under DS or SC. DS and SC produced much higher seedling quality than TP or MT, suggesting that robust seedlings with vigorous roots weaken the positive effect of SRI on rice yield. SRI produced a higher tillering rate than CM, but did not affect ear-bearing tiller rate significantly. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the recent fully expanded leaf at mid-tillering stage was significantly higher in SRI than in CM under MT and TP. The obtained results also indicated that SRI increased biomass accumulation before heading and improved utilization of photosynthates in the grain-filling stage.     

基于SRI与Copula函数的黑河流域水文干旱等级划分及特征分析

【目的】基于SRI对黑河流域水文干旱进行等级划分及特征分析。【方法】利用2种不同的径流丰枯等级分类方法,对黑河流域莺落峡水文站的径流资料进行概率统计分析,提出基于SRI的水文干旱等级划分标准(标准1),分别采用标准1和基于标准化降水指数(SPI)的干旱等级划分标准(标准2),识别水文干旱历时、烈度、烈度峰值3个干旱特征变量,利用Copula函数进行水文干旱多变量联合分布研究,选取RMSE、AIC、BIC准则作为联合分布拟合优度检验的判别依据优选Copula函数类型,计算了不同干旱事件的重现期。【结果】基于标准1的水文干旱等级划分结果比标准2更符合实际干旱情况;单变量重现期介于联合重现期与同现重现期之间,可以进行干旱事件重现期估计;黑河流域发生持续2.68个月的重旱事件的重现期为3 a。【结论】基于SRI的干旱等级划分在多变量水文干旱研究中使联合分布函数拟合更优,分析得到的干旱特征更接近实际情况。     

山西主要栽培枣品种耐藏性研究

在０±１℃条件下,采用厚度为０．０６ｍｍ、规格为２５０×１５０ｍｍ的聚乙烯小袋,袋口用大头针别住,以减少水分散失但通气良好的方法,对山西的９个主要枣品种在贮藏２１天、４９天和６４天后的好果率及软烂指数进行了比较研究,结果表明,即使贮藏天数仅为２１天,榆次团枣、平陆尖枣、梨枣的好果率也分别为２１．４％、４４．５％和４７．１％,软烂指数达０．４３７、０．２４４和０．２６６,是不耐藏品种,其余６个品种的好果率在８４—９６％;贮藏到４９天时。该６个品种的好果率仍在８０—９３％,贮藏至６４天时,无论不耐藏的３个品种和较耐藏的６个品种,彼此间在好果率,软烂指数方面的差值均变大,在９个供试品种中,以蛤蟆枣最耐贮藏,好果率８８％,软烂指数０．０４４,榆次团枣最不耐藏、好果率０。软烂指数０．７０７。     

水稻强化栽培对稻田土壤生物学特性的影响

采用田间试验,对强化栽培(SRI)和常规水作(TF)条件下稻田土壤微生物数量、微生物量、土壤酶活性及相关养分含量进行了研究。结果表明:与常规水作相比,强化栽培增加了土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量,分别提高了53.1%～173.8%、61.7%～229.4%、10.0%～55.9%,统计差异显著(p<0.05)。强化栽培土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮比常规水作提高了12.2%～43.6%,22.7%～175.4%,统计差异显著(p<0.05)。与常规水作比较,强化栽培提高了分蘖期土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶活性,分别为12.6%、30.0%、15.1%、13.8%;强化栽培也显著增加了土壤碱解氮含量,但有效磷含量差异不显著。     

优质稻SRI本土化研究及其物质生产特性分析

以中国水稻研究所＂水稻强化栽培关键技术＂为参考,结合广西优质稻高产栽培技术,初步拟定了一套广西优质稻SRI本土化技术方案,以优质常规稻新品种＂力源占1号＂为试验材料,以常规栽培方法为对照,设S-1（30cm×30cm,11.25万穴/ha）、S-2（23cm×20cm,21.45万穴/ha）2个种植密度,对各处理的茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累以及丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量等生理生化指标进行测定,并对各处理的经济性状进行调查分析。结果表明,在该技术体系下每穴最高分蘖、成穗率、每穴有效穗数、每穗粒数、每穴穗重,及各时期每穴干物质重均显著高于常规栽培;同时该技术方案省时省工,适当延长了水稻的生育期,能极大发挥植株个体的生长潜力,提高水稻的抗旱能力,在适宜的种植密度条件下能很好地协调个体与群体之间的矛盾,达到显著的增产效果。     

川东南冬水田杂交中稻强化栽培技术研究

摘 要：在川东南应用水稻强化栽培技术只要选用着粒数在173粒以内的组合,能获得显著的增产,提高稻谷的整精米率,降低垩白粒率,并且能省工省种,1hm2增收节支1250元以上。