橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法研究

为了获得简单、易操作、准确度高的橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法,本试验通过响应面优化试验,建立称样量、提取液体积、提取方式与交换性钙测定结果之间的数学模型。结果表明：在25℃条件下,以1 mol/L的乙酸铵为土壤浸提液,称样量为2 g、提取液体积175 mL、振荡36 min,为橡胶园酸性、中性土壤的最佳提取条件。将上述条件下得到的结果与标准方法条件下得到的结果相对比,两结果的相对误差在1.25~3.04之间,均属合理范围。利用标准样品对优化方法进行试验验证,结果与推荐值相符。改进后的方法分析成本低、操作简便、测定结果准确、稳定性好,可用于橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁的测定。     

经济绿肥覆盖对西双版纳胶园土壤性状的综合影响

论述了经济绿肥覆盖对提高土壤肥力、改善土壤物理性状、水土保持、提高抗病性、增加收入等方面的作用和重要意义。阐明了经济绿肥覆盖在西双版纳胶园的应用前景，它将实现经济效益和生态效益并重的胶园可持续发展。同时提出了在胶林行间特别是保护带陡坡地种植绿肥覆盖物的发展思路及相应措施，即完成胶园经济绿肥良种的筛选、经济效益和生态效益评价、及配套栽培技术试验示范。     

Friction and Wear Characteristics of Plastic Alloy Bearings under Different Lubricating Condition

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) is a kind of high anti-wear engineering plastic with many excellent physical and mechanical performances. It has been widely applied in the field of mechanism such as bearing and pump. Effect of load, speed, time on friction and wear properties of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene(UHMW-PE)plastic alloy bearings under different Lubricating Condition are studied by using MPV-200 model friction and wear testing machine. The test results show that water lubrication reduces the friction coefficient of bearings but increases the wear rate as compared with dry friction. At the same time, wear mechanisms are analyzed systemically. It provides a theoretic basic for practical application of plastic alloy bearings     

油管式传感器车辆行驶称重系统算法研究

在分析油管式车辆动态称重系统工作原理和特性的基础上,建立了相应的称重系统称量数学模型;利用非线性最小二乘优化算法获得最小平方误差意义上的静载参数估计,同时根据前后油管信号的相关性实现了车速的精确测量和计算;并通过实车试验,验证该算法是可行的,且达到了较好的精度,为车辆超载检测提供了一种经济有效的手段。     

磁力轴承电磁力计算的两种建模方法与比较

从工程设计的实用角度对磁力轴承两种电磁结构－无永磁偏置和有永磁偏置电磁铁的电磁力计算方法进行了研究。在分析理想模型的基础上，提出一种引入修正系数的建模方法，并用实例对这两种建模方法进行了比较。结果表明，修正系数的引入提高了电磁力的计算精度，可方便地应用于实际工程设计。     

A logistic analysis of the factors determining the decision of smallholder farmers to intercrop: A case study involving rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka

The factors influencing the decision of smallholder farmers to adopt new farming technologies were studied with reference to rubber–tea intercropping in Sri Lanka. Rubber–tea intercropping has been recommended previously to rubber farmers as a means to improve productivity and income during the early pre-tapping phase of rubber growth. Although crop trials have shown that the two crops are agronomically compatible and potentially produce a combined economic yield superior to the yield of a sole crop grown on the same area of land, there is little evidence of widespread adoption of this practice among smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka. The aim of the study was to determine the major factors that influence the decision to undertake rubber–tea intercropping and to construct a predictive model that describes the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by traditional smallholder rubber growers. A rapid rural appraisal (RRA) was undertaken based on semi-structured interviews of 90 smallholder farmers in the main rubber growing low wet zone of Sri Lanka. Among a number of factors shown to significantly influence the decision to intercrop tea with rubber, three were shown to operate independently, namely level of income, source of income (i.e. solely from own farm or from farm plus additional off-farm enterprises), and availability of land considered suitable for tea cultivation. A statistical model developed through correlation and logistic analysis, which predicts the likelihood of a smallholder adopting intercropping based on these factors, is presented and discussed. The most likely combination of circumstances (82% probability) under which rubber–tea intercropping is practiced is shown to be where the farmer’s income is greater than Rs. 10,000 per month, where the farmer’s income is based solely on own farm enterprises, and where more than 80% of the farmer’s land area was judged to be suitable for tea cultivation. Conversely, 30% of smallholder farmers that chose not to intercrop did possess land suitable for tea cultivation. Qualitative responses to the RRA indicated that limitation of technical knowledge was the main problem subsequently faced by rubber farmers who had adopted rubber–tea intercropping. Results indicate that there is need for both income support through farm subsidies and further agricultural extension services, if rubber–tea intercropping is to be adopted more widely in Sri Lanka. The wider usefulness of the developed logistic model in determining the likelihood of adoption of intercropping by smallholder farmers is discussed.     

多层组合减振结构参数优化的研究

对一种新型的，用于大型履带式车辆的多层管状减振结构的参数特性进行了研究。在分析了参数之间耦连关系后，提出了暂定刚度参数Ｙ和阻尼材料损耗因子β，先求剪切参数Ｘ的解耦观点。把减振结构的几何尺寸作为变量，结构的损耗因子η最大为目标，对结构进行了优化。经对按本文观点优化的橡胶减振器制品的动态实验，表明实验值与理论值有较好的吻合性。     

悬架橡胶件对汽车平顺性影响的多体动力学分析

应用有限元分析了汽车减振器橡胶支撑件的弹性特性,在此基础上,应用SIM PACK软件建立了整车多体动力学模型,分析了橡胶支撑件的刚度、阻尼对汽车行驶平顺性的影响。分析结果表明：在车身共振区,橡胶件对地板加速度功率谱影响较小,但在4-13Hz中频区,即人体比较敏感的范围内,橡胶件可以使地板加速度功率谱峰值减小6.5%-25.4%,因此悬架橡胶件对汽车行驶平顺性有明显的改善。此外,还得出对于刚度较大的橡胶件应选取较小阻尼,对于较软的橡胶件,可以忽略阻尼影响的结论。     

对橡胶悬架装置动特性的改进探讨

以橡胶悬架装置为研究对象,考虑其动态特性与高速车辆动力总成低频与高频要求不同之间的矛盾,试图通过改进橡胶悬架装置的结构提高其动特性。建立了改进结构的橡胶悬架装置的力学模型,并对其进行了理论分析和仿真计算,结果表明改进后的橡胶悬架装置的动特性有了显著提高,对我国橡胶悬架装置的结构改进具有借鉴和指导意义。     

不同铝水平胁迫对橡胶树幼苗若干生理指标的影响

研究不同铝水平胁迫(0、50、100、200、400 mmol/L)对橡胶树幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素含量、叶片相对电导率及幼苗地上部与地下部铝含量变化的影响。结果表明,铝胁迫均使橡胶树幼苗生理指标产生一定的变化。在200 mmol/L和400 mmol/L铝水平下橡胶苗叶片POD活性和SOD活性先上升后下降至胁迫前甚至为0;MDA含量则大量增加,而且越来越高;叶绿素总量、叶绿素a和叶绿素b随胁迫时间的推移呈下降趋势,且铝浓度越大下降趋势越明显;相对电导率随胁迫时间的推移均呈现上升趋势,介于60%~100%之间,超过细胞质膜死亡的阈值;橡胶苗地下部铝含量分别约为地上部铝含量的3倍、2倍、1.3倍。不同铝水平胁迫处理中,随着铝浓度越高、胁迫时间越长对橡胶树幼苗生理指标的影响越大。其中在200 mmol/L铝水平下叶片相对电导率大于50%,达到叶片细胞膜透性阈值,MDA则大量增加,SOD和POD急速上升后下降,叶绿素含量极少。因而认为橡胶树幼苗的最高铝耐受浓度为200 mmol/L,地下部铝含量的耐受量为6.2 mg/g,地上部的耐受量为2.9 mg/g。