砾石含量对土壤可蚀性因子估算的影响研究

砾石（>2 mm）是土壤组成部分之一,其含量对侵蚀产沙有重要影响。在土壤可蚀性因子（K）计算中充分考虑砾石含量的影响,计算所得土壤可蚀性因子会更加准确。利用30弧秒分辨率土壤砾石含量和土壤质地等级等数据,利用文献报道的砾石含量与土壤渗透性和土壤侵蚀关系估算方法,在全球范围内分析估算砾石含量对土壤可蚀性因子的影响。结果表明,（1）土壤剖面中砾石的存在,通过降低土壤入渗速率（土壤渗透性等级增加5.68%）、增加地表径流而使土壤侵蚀增加,进而使全球土壤可蚀性因子增加4.43%;砾石覆盖通过保护土壤免遭雨滴打击和径流冲刷减少侵蚀,在山地、荒漠（沙漠和戈壁）地区,这一影响会使土壤可蚀性值减小约18.7%。考虑土壤剖面砾石含量和表面砾石覆盖综合影响时,土壤可蚀性因子降低5.52%。（2）以砾石影响为主的地区,占全球62.7%,土壤可蚀性因子可降低0.0091( t?hm2?h)?( hm-2?MJ-1?mm-1);以剖面砾石影响为主的地区,占全球的31.1%,土壤可蚀性因子增加0.0019( t?hm2?h)?( hm-2?MJ-1?mm-1)。（3）剖面和表面砾石共同作用使6个样区土壤流失速率减少约11.8%。因此,剖面砾石的存在会增加土壤可蚀性,而表面砾石覆盖会减少土壤可蚀性,综合影响使土壤侵蚀降低。在区域土壤可蚀性制图研究中,应考虑这两个方面的影响,进而提高土壤可蚀性因子的制图精度。     

Study on Analysis Methods for Rock Slope FoundationStability of the Highrise Building

Based on the practical project a study on analysis methods for rock slope foundation stability of highrise-building project criterion transfer coefficient method, rotation limit equilibrium method (Sweden slices method) and finite element method was carried out.The authors found that safety factor of criterion transfer coefficient method is larger than that of rotation limit equilibrium method, but is similar to the results of finite element method. So, when rockslope foundation stability of highrise building is to be analysed,the rotation limit equilibrium method is suggested to use.     

Growth rates and survival of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at two temperatures (ambient and 23 °C) and two feeding frequencies

Wild caught post-pueruli, year one and year two post settlement juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus, were held at ambient temperatures (15.6 °C to 23.1 °C; mean 19.0 ± 0.07 °C) or at 23 °C, and fed the same ration of a formulated pellet diet either once per night, or 3 times per night, over 12 months, to determine whether elevated temperatures and multiple feeds per night would stimulate growth through increased metabolism and feed utilisation without significant negative impacts on survival. Survival of post-pueruli (mean 63%) did not differ between ambient and 23 °C. Survival of year 1 and 2 juveniles was higher at ambient temperatures (p < 0.01 ambient: year 1 juveniles, 68%; year 2 juveniles, 88%; 23 °C: 57% and 74%, respectively). Feeding frequency did not affect survival of post-pueruli and year 2 juveniles (mean 63%, 81% respectively), but survival was 9% higher for year 1 juveniles fed three times per night (58% versus 67%; p < 0.01). All lobsters grew faster at 23 °C than at ambient temperatures (p < 0.05), with the growth of post-pueruli almost doubled at 23 °C (weight gain at 23 °C versus ambient: post-pueruli, 18 438 % versus 9 915 %; year 1 juveniles 259% versus 165%; year 2 juveniles 23% versus 21%). Feed frequency did not influence the growth of year 1 and 2 juveniles. However, there was an interaction effect of temperature and feed frequency on post-pueruli where weight and carapace length were significantly higher at ambient temperatures when post-pueruli were fed three times a day, whereas at 23 °C weight and carapace length were significantly greater when fed once per day (p < 0.05). Feed intake (g pellet dry matter lobster^− 1 day^− 1) of pellet was higher at 23 °C for all lobsters (p < 0.05), but was the same between lobsters fed 3 times per night versus once per night. This study has shown that increasing temperatures to 23 °C significantly improved the growth of P. cygnus post-pueruli without any adverse effects on survival. The faster growth rates exhibited by year 1 and 2 juveniles at 23 °C may potentially offset their lower survival by significantly reducing culture period. There is no benefit of feeding P. cygnus multiple times at night in terms of growth and survival. The implications for P. cygnus culture are that temperatures should be maintained close to 23 °C during the entire growout period, with due care taken to minimise mortalities through adequate provision of food and shelter. Feeding P. cygnus once daily to excess just prior to dusk to co-incide with nocturnal feeding behaviour is recommended.     

武夷岩茶氨基酸组分及含量分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定分析大红袍、水仙、肉桂、雀舌、金毛猴和矮脚乌龙等6个品种武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸组分,结果表明:6个品种武夷岩茶均含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸含量品种间差异显著,武夷岩茶的游离氨基酸总量为75.82~107.12 mg/g;其中含量较高的为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和亮氨酸。武夷岩茶的氨基酸中含有各种人体必需氨基酸,且比例均衡;必需氨基酸总量占30.47%~40.46%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的61.29%~63.90%;呈鲜味的氨基酸含量也占氨基酸总量的23.80%~28.63%,因此,武夷岩茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

蕨类植物在园林绿化中的应用

蕨类植物种类丰富、适应性强、管理简便,非常适合园林应用。在简要分析我国蕨类植物种质资源的基础上,探讨蕨类植物在园林植物造景如庭院、地被、水景、岩石园等的应用,提出应在园林建设中重视蕨类植物,尤其是中国原产的蕨类植物和从国外引进的一些新优园艺蕨类品种,以丰富植物多样性和园林景观。     

有关喀斯特石漠化研究的一些认识

本文着重从地质和生态的角度，阐述喀斯特石漠化的形成特点和演化方式及其对综合治理的指导意义。对西南岩溶山地而言，土壤和植被是生态环境中最为敏感的自然环境要素，与非岩溶区相比，具有明显的脆弱特征。它们在干扰下发生迅速演替，诱发地表水文条件的改变，导致石漠化的形成。文中特别强调岩溶山区碳酸盐岩基底岩性的不同、生态环境类型与植被演替的方式和进程的多样性对于岩溶生态系统的影响作用。基于上述认识，对石漠化地区的土地利用方式和生态恢复过程以及可能发展的方向提出了一些建议和看法。     

钻孔灌注桩施工中岩层漏浆故障处理

本文通过对某大桥钻孔灌注桩施工情况分析。阐述了钻孔灌注桩施工中岩层漏浆故障的原因。同时介绍了几种处理方法。如补浆法、封堵法、内护筒法。     

城市园林中置石的实际运用

从城市环境中置石的功能、作用以及使用方法和形式的角度出发,分析了现代园林环境中置石布置的风格与特点,并对城市园林置石中存在的一些问题提出了自己的看法。     

黑土区高效溶磷真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的研究

黑土区高效溶P真菌筛选及其溶解磷矿粉效果的试验结果表明 ,溶P真菌溶P效果高于溶P细菌 ,且其溶P性状稳定。曲霉菌“P39”、“P37”和青霉菌“P6 6”、“P1”溶P效果高于其他供试菌 ,菌株之间溶P活性与培养液pH值和有机酸含量间不存在必然相关性 ,推测不同菌株间溶P活性差异与菌株产生的有机酸种类和数量有关     

云南省主要地质背景区钴、铁和硒在岩石—土壤—饲料中的分布与转移规律研究

对云南省反刍家畜主要生产基地所属的6个地质背景区的土壤、岩石和饲料样品的钴、铁和硒元素进行测定分析。结果表明:土壤和饲料钴、铁和硒元素含量在玄武岩(Ⅴ)和碳酸岩盐红壤区(Ⅰ)较丰富;碳酸岩盐、碎屑岩和玄武岩混合型黄红壤区(Ⅱ)居中;而由碎屑岩(Ⅲ)和变质岩(Ⅵ)发育的土壤区土壤和饲料钴、铁和硒元素最低。饲料中钴、铁和硒的含量受地质背景值,特别是土壤中元素的丰度的影响较大。