2012-2013 赛季CBA联赛参赛球队攻防能力对比研究

2012-2013赛季CBA联赛已落下帷幕,广东队最终再次夺冠,完成了“八冠王”的伟业。但是仅凭联 赛排名并不能完全反映出球队的综合能力。采用综合秩序法,对联赛参赛各队的进攻、防守及其攻防综合 能力进行量化分析,将球队分级分类。分析结果显示：本届CBA联赛中,17支球队的攻防能力RSR值分为3 个等级;攻防RSR值排在前三位的分别为广东队、辽宁队和山西队;只有广东队可在攻防两端上的表现均 较为出色;山东队虽然取得了亚军,创造了队史,但攻守极度不平衡,难以成为稳定的强队。     

基于TOPSIS-RSR法的三七连作障碍消减效应综合评价

为筛选能有效消减三七连作障碍的技术措施,本研究选择出苗率(反映出苗状况)、存苗率(反映存苗状况)、地上和地下鲜重、干重及总干重(反映生长状况)等8项指标,引入TOPSIS法和RSR法,综合评价了添加土壤改良剂、有机肥、有益微生物等措施及其组合,共67个处理对三七连作障碍的消减效应。评价结果表明:土壤消毒剂+有益微生物+有机肥(WY)及土壤消毒剂+土壤改良剂+有益微生物(WX)等措施均可在一定程度上增加连作三七的出苗率和存苗率,促进三七植株生长,提高干物质积累,较好地消减障碍效应;尤以WY7(4 500 kg·hm-2石灰+22 500 kg·hm-2猪粪)、WY8(4 500 kg·hm-2石灰+450 kg·hm-2金宝贝微生物菌肥)、WX7(4 500 kg·hm-2石灰+4 500 kg·hm-2膨润土)、WX9(4 500 kg·hm-2石灰+675 kg·hm-2肥士特生物菌肥+4 500 kg·hm-2活性炭粉)处理的效果更为理想;TOPSIS法和RSR法均适用于三七连作障碍消减效应评价,且表现出很好的一致性。可以看出,TOPSIS法结合RSR法准确地筛选出了WY7、WX9等能够有效消减三七连作障碍的处理;其他处理排序结果也与盆栽试验结果相吻合,表明TOPSIS法结合RSR法可增加对各处理评价的准确性,适用于三七连作障碍有效消减技术措施的筛选。     

不同生育期水分亏缺灌溉和氮营养对玉米生长的影响

通过玉米盆栽试验,设置了全生育期土壤充分灌水、苗期亏水、拔节期亏水、灌浆期亏水、成熟期亏水5个水分处理和施氮量分别为0、0.1、0.30、.5 g/kg的4个施氮水平,依次以N0、N1、N2、N3表示。研究了不同生育期水分亏缺和氮营养对夏玉米生长的影响。结果表明:在不同施氮条件下,不同生育期亏水均对玉米的生长产生不同程度的抑制作用,其中对茎叶的抑制作用大于根系,根冠比增加。苗期亏水抑制了株高、叶面积和地上部物质的生长,复水后补偿效应明显;拔节期是缺水敏感期,拔节期亏水对株高、叶面积及干物质累积的影响差异极显著,复水后补偿效应不明显;灌浆期亏水对株高影响不明显,但对叶面积及干物质影响明显;成熟期亏水对玉米生长的各个指标没有显著的影响。施氮对玉米的生长及地下干物质的累积有一定的影响,在试验的土壤肥力水平下,表现为施纯N 0.1 g/kg的施氮水平对盆栽玉米的生长和发育最好,是适宜的施氮水平。水氮交互作用在拔节期和灌浆期对玉米地上部干重、根干重影响极显著,对根冠比分别达到极显著和显著水平,苗期和成熟期对各指标均无显著性影响。     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat under two soil water regimes

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kenong9204) was grown in open top chambers with either ambient or elevated CO₂ concentrations (358 ± 19 μmol mol⁻¹ or 712 ± 22 μmol mol⁻¹, respectively) in well-watered or drought conditions. Although elevated CO₂ did not significantly affect the height of the plants at harvest, it significantly increased the aboveground biomass by 10.1% and the root/shoot ratio by 16.0%. Elevated CO₂ also significantly increased the grain yield (GY) by 6.7% when well-watered and by 10.4% when drought stressed. Specifically, in the well-watered condition, this increase was due to a greater number of ears (8.7% more) and kernels (8.6). In the drought condition, it was only due to a greater number of spikes (17.1% more). In addition, elevated CO₂ also significantly increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of the plants by 9.9% when well-watered and by 13.8% under drought conditions, even though the evapotranspiration (ET) of the plants did not change significantly. Elevated CO₂ also significantly increased the root length in the top half of the soil profile by 35.4% when well-watered and by 44.7% under drought conditions. Finally, elevated CO₂ significantly increased the root water uptake by 52.9% when well-watered and by 10.1% under drought conditions. These results suggest that (1) future increases in atmospheric CO₂ concentration may have a significant effect on wheat production in arid and semiarid areas where wheat cultivation requires upland cropping or deficit irrigation; (2) wheat cultivars can be developed to have more tillers and kernels through selective breeding and field management; and (3) fertilizer and water management in topsoil will become increasingly important as atmospheric CO₂ concentration rises.     

基于有效成分含量的黄芩种质资源评价

为了筛选出黄芩优良种质,为优良品种的选育提供基础材料,采用TOPSIS法与RSR法相结合的方法,基于黄芩药材中总黄酮、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素、木犀草素、白杨素、可溶性糖、粗多糖、总糖、醇溶性浸出物的含量对54个种源进行了评价.结果表明,TOPSIS法和RSR法相结合可以用于黄芩种质资源的评价.筛选出了辽宁建昌、山东文登、辽宁北票、河北康保、内蒙正镶白旗、内蒙鄂温克旗、河北围场Ⅲ、内蒙卓资、吉林乾安、吉林双辽等10个优良种质.     

基于秩和比法的期刊被引指标综合评价研究

以我国2005年高校主办的(15种)和学会主办的(15种)共计30种农业类期刊为例,对秩和比法在期刊被引指标综合水平评价中的应用进行了介绍.结果表明:在被引指标综合水平测评中,高校主办的农业类期刊总体上要优于学会主办的农业类期刊,在一定程度上表明高校的综合办刊水平优于学会的综合办刊水平.     

In vitro starch digestibility and predicted glycaemic indexes of buckwheat,oat, quinoa,sorghum, teff and commercial gluten-free bread

The in vitro starch digestibility of five gluten-free breads (from buckwheat, oat, quinoa, sorghum or teff flour) was analysed using a multi-enzyme dialysis system. Hydrolysis indexes (HI) and predicted glycaemic indexes (pGI) were calculated from the area under the curve (AUC; g RSR/100g TAC*min) of reducing sugars released (RSR), and related to that of white wheat bread. Total available carbohydrates (TAC; mg/4 g bread “as eaten”) were highest in sorghum (1634 mg) and oat bread (1384 mg). The AUC was highest for quinoa (3260 g RSR), followed by buckwheat (2377 g RSR) and teff bread (2026 g RSR). Quinoa bread showed highest predicted GI (95). GIs of buckwheat (GI 80), teff (74), sorghum (72) and oat (71) breads were significantly lower. Significantly higher gelatinization temperatures in teff (71 °C) and sorghum flour (69 °C) as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) correlated with lower pGIs (74 and 72). Larger granule diameters in oat (3–10 μm) and sorghum (6–18 μm) in comparison to quinoa (1.3 μm) and buckwheat flour (3–7 μm) as assessed with scanning electron microscopy resulted in lower specific surface area of starch granules. The data is in agreement with predictions that smaller starch granules result in a higher GI.