Evaluation of Transmittance and Reflectance Pulse Oximetry in a Canine Model of Hypotension and Desaturation

Ten, anesthetized dogs were instrumented with three pulse oximeter probes; two lingual transmittance probes and one rectal reflective probe. Arterial oxygen desaturation was produced by decreasing the inspired oxygen concentration. Hypotension was produced with an infusion of nitroprusside. Simultaneous pulse oximeter readings (SpO₂) were compared to co-oximeter measured arterial saturation (SaO₂) collected over a range of SaO₂ (50–100%) and mean arterial pressures (40–100mmHg). Each of the monitors and means of evaluating SpO₂ studied provided accurate SpO₂ measurements over a range of mean arterial pressure from 40–100mmHg. All of the monitors tested tended to overestimate the SaO₂ when the arterial saturation was less than 70%.     

How to perform transvenous electrical cardioversion in horses with atrial fibrillation

Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation is a well-established technique for restoration of sinus rhythm in humans. While transthoracic cardioversion is more commonly used, transvenous electrical cardioversion (TVEC) has been reported as having higher efficacy at substantially lower energy levels. In horses, treatment of atrial fibrillation has essentially been limited to the administration of quinidine salts either orally or intravenously. TVEC provides an alternative to quinidine salts, especially for those animals in which quinidine is neither effective nor tolerated. The present report details this technique in horses, discusses possible complications of the procedure, and provides guidance for successful outcome. Still and video images are used to illustrate details with regard to TVEC techniques in horses. Please view supplemental material for the videos.     

绿竹种源含水率变异研究

分别年龄(1a、2a、3a)和地上部分不同器官(叶、枝、秆)及地下部分,对福建省不同绿竹种源在试验点的标准竹的含水率变化情况进行测定,结果表明:各绿竹种源的不同器官含水率有差异,漳州试点各器官(枝、秆)平均含水率均稍小于永安试点,而竹叶则漳州试点稍高于永安试点。不同年龄含水率变化趋势为随着年龄的增长,各器官含水率不同程度地下降。绝大多数种源地下部分含水率大于地上部分,其比值最高可达1.25倍(永安1a①号种源),少数略低于地上部分(永安3a④号、漳州3a③号种源等)。不同种源地下部分含水率的绝对值较接近,种源间差异较小。     

昆明市森林防火面临的严峻形势及对策

介绍了昆明市的地形地貌、气候、森林和火灾特点,分析了森林防火面临的严峻形势,提出了10项林火管理对策及森林火灾后应立即开展的6项工作。     

磷指数模型在美国的应用和发展

磷是植物生长必需的营养元素之一,在农业生产中起着关键作用。然而,长期过量的磷肥投入导致土壤磷素水平增加,进而加大了土壤磷素流失风险,造成农业非点源磷污染,同时这也成为导致水体富营养化的主要因素之一。因此,识别和管理农业非点源磷的流失风险关键区,成为面源污染亟待解决的关键问题。磷指数模型起源于20世纪90年代,是评估农田磷流失潜力和指导磷管理决策的重要工具之一。根据研究区特点,美国众多学者在各州设立了不同的磷指数指标体系,优化了磷指数的组成因子、计算方法和分级标准。本文对美国各州磷指数模型评价体系进行了综述和评价,指出了磷指数模型的局限性,提出了改进方向,以期为我国磷素管理方法提供借鉴。     

不同硒源对大麦农艺性状的影响及富硒效应研究

为了探明不同硒源对大麦的效应,对六个大麦品种(系)分别施用三种硒源(富硒复混肥、硒矿粉、亚硒酸钠)后的农艺性状及籽粒含硒量进行了分析,结果表明:①不同硒源均能提高大麦籽粒的含硒量,其增加量为0.016～0.087 mg/kg,增幅为14.4%～78.0%,富硒复混肥的效果较优;②不同大麦品种(系)施硒的籽粒含硒量为0.133～0.187mg/kg,比对照提高10.36%～80.65%;③施硒对大麦生育期无明显影响,但株高和穗长有增加趋势,千粒重有降低趋势.     

重庆地区饮用水源地污染现状及防治对策

结合重庆市饮用水源地的水质现状,分析了水质污染的主要原因。为实现重庆市饮用水源地的可持续利用,结合重庆市的实际情况提出了相应的防治对策,为重庆市的环境保护工作提供参考。     

三江源区四种栽培禾草抗寒性研究

通过对质膜相对透性、渗透调节物质、内源保护酶系等生理生化指标的测定,对三江源区引种栽培的4种禾草:青海草地早熟禾,青海冷地早熟禾,青海中华羊茅和无芒雀麦的抗寒性进行了研究。通过综合指标判定,4种牧草的抗寒能力为青海草地早熟禾最强,然后依次是青海冷地早熟禾,青海中华羊茅,无芒雀麦的最弱。     

发展坡地农用林业治理农业面源污染

当前由于水土流失导致的农业面源污染问题越来越严重。针对水源地土壤过度营养、坡地绿化率低、森林质量不高等问题,围绕控制农业面源污染,改善农村环境质量这个中心,提出从改善农业生产条件、加强坡岸植被缓冲带建设等方面入手,注重因地制宜,大力发展坡地林业,培育森林资源,最终控制农业面源污染。可见,发展坡地林业对于减缓农业面源污染具有非常重要的意义。