稀释液渗透压对绵羊精液冷冻效果的影响

本试验对绵羊冻精采用两次稀释时,从调整Ⅱ液中葡萄糖含量和降低甘油浓度两方面,改变稀释液的渗透压,测定冻精效果。先增减糖的比例,配制9-2(对照), 84-1和84-2等试验组,其稀释Ⅱ液渗透压1191,1026、1499mmol/kg,获冻精情期产羔母羊率61.69, 63.31, 54.55(P<0.05)。随后, 以84-1为对照,降低甘油浓度,设3个试验组,即87-2,88-1和88-1a,渗透压相应为747,456,463mmol/kg,冻精情期受胎率1987年84-1,87-2为65.37,67.37;1988年87-2,88-1,88-1a为63.16,62.50,46.55(P<0.05)。试验说明,绵羊冻精采取2次稀释法,第Ⅱ液以4％甘油,渗透压为747mmol/kg时,冻精效果最佳。     

Effects of temperature,vapour pressure deficit and radiation on infectivity of conidia ofBotrytis cinerea and on susceptibility of gerbera petals

The effect of vapour pressure deficit, temperature and radiation on the postharvest susceptibility of gerbera flowers toB. cinerea, on the water relations of gerbera flowers and on the lesion formation after conidial infection ofB. cinerea was studied. The temperature range in whichB. cinerea could germinate and growin vitro is 5–30 °C. In climate chamber experiments flowers had more lesions ofB. cinerea at temperatures of 20 and 25 °C than at 10 and 15°C. At 15, 20 and 25°C the infectivity ofB. cinerea conidia was negatively affected during a storage-period of 7 days. At a vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of 200 Pa significantly more conidia ofB. cinerea were infective than at 800 Pa. At a VPD of 800 Pa the susceptibility of gerbera flowers forB. cinerea was not significantly different than at 200 Pa. High radiation levels in glasshouses in spring and summer negatively influenced the infectivity of conidia ofB. cinerea on the flower surface, but did not affect the susceptibility of gerbera flowers forB. cinerea. In spring and early summer conidia lost their infectivity at high radiation levels, high temperatures and high levels of VPD. In summer gerbera flowers could be more susceptible toB. cinerea because of high temperatures in glasshouses, but the negative effect of radiation on the conidia ofB. cinerea seemed to overrule the temperature effect. Thus, the numbers of lesions in spring and summer can be low compared with the numbers in other seasons, although the numbers ofB. cinerea colonies on spore traps can be high. The effect of temperature on the susceptibility of gerbera flowers can probably be explained by changes of water status in the petals. At higher temperatures the number of lesions and the turgor (=water potential—osmotic potential) in the petals increased. Temperatures <10°C during lesion formation (RH>95% and VPD<50 Pa) had a temporary negative effect on the number of lesions. After 3 days of incubation the numbers of lesions were about equal (30 lesions/cm²) from 5 to 20°C. At 30°C no lesion formation was observed even after 3 days.     

苹果低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用研究

利用0.12mm聚乙烯薄膜大帐进行低氧气调新组合的较大规模应用试验,对2394kg玫瑰红苹果进行低氧处理,帐内O2浓度可下调至约2%,CO2浓度可自动维持在5%～8%的较理想状态,处理结束后很易转为MA自发气调。低氧处理后再MA贮藏的苹果,虎皮病果率低、症状轻,腐烂果少,果柄和果皮新鲜,叶绿素保持效果好,果肉硬度明显高于小包装气调和冷藏对照。说明利用塑膜大帐进行前期低氧新组合处理与后期自发气调、实现低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用是可行的。     

聚脲喷枪混合室的设计和FLUENT仿真分析

为提高聚脲喷涂喷枪的混合效果，基于撞击流理论设计了一种新型聚脲喷涂喷枪的混合室。混合室采用两级撞击混合，分别采用两组T型和两组Y型对撞混合形式。利用SolidWorks设计混合室的结构模型后，利用FLUENT软件，采用冷、热水在混合室内撞击混合、对流传热的方法进行仿真模拟，并且计算了流体在混合室内的微观混合时间。结果表明:合理增加撞击流混合室的混合级数和采用多组T型、Y型对撞混合形式可增益混合效果；撞击流混合室的主要混合区是在撞击区；流体在喷枪内停留的总时间约为5.71 ms，满足具有反应迅速这一特性的材料的混合要求；微观混合时间小于1 ms，混合效果优异。      

树木体内水分长距离运输的负压传递机制

蒸腾能使木质部产生不超过-0.1MPa的有限负压,这个负压在木质部内自上而下依次向下传递。水分在导管或管胞内所受的吸附力、毛管力、真空力等综合作用力要大于或等于所受的重力,这个综合作用力可以将水分托住而不受重力作用而下移,使水分在负压作用下以分段移动的方式从根部上升到植物顶端。空穴和栓塞是两个不同的概念,其形成过程、恢复机制都有其本质的不同。空穴的发生与负压和水分的分段移动有密切的关系。     

沟槽滤棒压降影响因素的因子分析

[目的]深入研究沟槽滤棒特征参数及组成材料对滤棒压降的影响。[方法]选取常见的8种不同规格的沟槽滤棒及其主要组成材料为分析对象,采用相关性分析与因子分析,开展9个主要特征参数对沟槽滤棒压降的影响程度研究。[结果]试验表明,影响沟槽滤棒压降的特征参数间存在显著或极显著的相关性,相关系数矩阵中特征值大于1.0的前3个成分的累计贡献率达87.502%;由沟槽滤棒压降影响特征参数的旋转因子载荷矩阵得到3个公因子,总结定义后分别是:丝束总质量因子、单丝线密度/纤维素纸物理特性因子、沟槽特征参数因子。[结论]因子分析得出的公因子影响情况与实际沟槽滤棒生产检验过程中出现的情况基本吻合,进一步证实了沟槽滤棒特征参数对滤棒压降影响的准确性。     

Effect of Caudal Traction on Mechanical Nociceptive Thresholds of Epaxial and Pelvic Musculature on a Group of Horses With Signs of Back Pain

Direct muscular attachment from lumbar vertebrae to the caudal vertebrae of the tail suggests that caudal traction, also described as a tail pull, may affect lumbar vertebral segments and/or associated soft tissues in horses. Traction is a commonly used human manual therapy technique used for pain relief and anecdotally observed to relieve pain in horses. However, research is lacking validating the efficacy of manual caudal traction on the horse. The objective of this study was to determine if caudal traction has an effect on mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) in a group of horses with clinical signs of back pain. Pressure algometry was used to measure MNTs of five bilateral anatomical sites in the epaxial and pelvic musculature of 11 horses referred to physiotherapy because of clinical signs of back pain. Measurements were recorded both before and immediately after traction. A significant difference (P ≤ .05) was identified between mean before and after caudal traction algometry measurements in all described sites. The percentage of MNT increase was highest in the thoracic region (83%) compared with the lumbar (50%) and the pelvic (52.4%) regions. These results support an effect of caudal traction in increasing MNTs in the thoracolumbar and pelvic regions in horses. Further research to determine the clinical effect of this technique is warranted.     

电控柴油机泵喷嘴技术

为了提高柴油机的动力性、燃油经济性,降低排放(浮游颗粒PM和NOx)和噪声,优良的混合气准备是解决以上问题的关键因素。这要求高效喷射系统产生高喷射压力,确保燃油雾化良好,并且还必须精确控制喷油始点和喷油量。研究结果表明,本文介绍的泵喷嘴技术可以满足这一严格要求。泵喷嘴技术的关键是把喷油泵和喷嘴合成一体,以省去高压油管并获得高喷射压力。     

CNG发动机燃烧室形状对气流运动和燃烧特性的影响

为提高天然气发动机的燃烧品质,基于6105型涡轮增压CNG发动机,通过建模分析法,对发动机不同燃烧室形状对缸内气流运动和燃烧特性的影响进行了三维数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,燃烧室形状对挤流的形成和燃烧过程有着重要影响。缩口型燃烧室具有较大的挤流强度和较长的涡流持续期,火焰传播速度快,燃烧性能好,但其火花塞附近的热负荷较大,NOx的含量高。敞口型燃烧室挤流强度较弱,火焰传播速度较慢,燃烧性能最差。直口型燃烧室则介于两者之间,既能保证较快的火焰传播速度和较好的燃烧性能,又降低了其火花塞附近的热负荷和NOx的排放量,是较适合天然气发动机采用的燃烧室。