S形贯流泵装置多工况过流部件水力性能分析

为深入研究S形轴伸贯流泵装置过流部件的水力性能,采用CFD技术对泵装置进行了多工况全流道的数值计算,分析了泵装置各过流部件的水力性能,重点阐述了3种特征工况(小流量工况KQ=0.368、最优工况KQ=0.490、大流量工况KQ=0.613)时转轮叶片表面的静压分布、摩擦力线、各轴向弦长位置的轴向速度分布以及导叶体内部流态和回收环量效果。结果表明:在轮缘侧的叶片压力面静压值较大,在轮毂侧的叶片吸力面的静压值较大,轮缘侧较小,且随着展向位置Span值的增大,压力面与吸力面的压差呈现出逐渐递增趋势。在最优工况时,从导叶体进口至出口,导叶体的静压值逐渐增大。随流量的减小,导叶体的回收环量比CH先减小后增大。在最优工况KQ=0.490时,回收环量比CH最小,其值仅为0.031。针对该泵装置进行了同尺寸的物理模型试验,获得了泵装置的综合特性曲线,在叶片安放角-2°时,新型S形轴伸贯流泵装置的最高效率达83.55%,此时流量系数KQ=0.443,扬程系数KH=0.828。通过物理模型试验结果对泵装置外特性预测结果进行了验证,对比分析结果表明数值模拟是可信的。     

肉种鸡营养传代效应的研究进展

该文综述了肉种鸡营养的传代效应,指出通过调整肉种鸡营养可以改善后代肉仔鸡品质,提高肉仔鸡免疫机能,进而影响其生长性能和胴体品质。     

基于全流道模拟的泵装置出水流道水力特性分析

为研究低扬程泵装置出水流道的水力性能,采用CFD方法对泵装置进行全流道数值计算,并通过模型试验对数值计算结果的准确性进行验证。分析了隔墩对出水流道水力性能和泵装置能量特性的影响,阐述了出水流道流量不平衡的问题以及环量对出水流道内部流动特性的影响。结果表明:对于低扬程泵装置,出水流道的隔墩对泵装置能量性能的影响较大,应尽量避免设置隔墩;在出水流道中,隔墩前伸会增加出水流道的水力损失,导致两孔流量分配更加不相等,隔墩后伸对两孔流量的分配无影响但会增加出水流道的水力损失,从而降低泵装置的水力性能。无环量时出水流道的水力损失与流量呈二次方关系,有环量时出水流道的水力损失增大,且内部流态变得复杂。出水流道的内外特性与泵装置的运行工况有关系,应避免将出水流道独立地从泵装置系统中脱离出来进行水力性能的计算分析。     

花生DNA导入大豆育种效果的研究

利用花粉管通道在大豆自花授粉后将花生ＤＮＡ导入栽培大豆受体中，引起受体的结荚习性、株高、成熟期，主茎节数、分枝数、产量性状和化学品质等性状的广泛变异。对变异株进行选择，获得了产量比受体提高１１．９％～２５．１％，蛋白质含量提高３．９％～５．３％的变异株系。实验结果表明：利用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术进行生态性状、产量性状和化学品质方向的育种是可能的。     

The correlation between passage rate of digesta and dry matter digestibility in various stages of swine

The relationship between passage rate of digesta (PRD) and apparent faecal dry matter digestibility (DMD) was investigated in five trials. In trial 1, 2, and 3, 36 weanling (16.9 ± 3.0 kg), 24 growing (51.3 ± 8.8 kg), and 23 finishing (104.8 ± 5.2 kg) barrows were housed in metabolic crates. The beginning and end of 5-day collection periods were marked by the addition of 0.5% indigo carmine to the feed for total faeces collection and PRD determination by observing the time required for the marker to appear. In trial 4 and 5, 21 gestating gilts (215.0 ± 15.0 kg), and 19 lactating sows were individually penned. Addition of 0.5% chromic oxide to the feed enabled indirect determination of DMD and PRD. The PRD, which ranged from 12 to 80 h, was positively correlated with DMD in weanling (R² = 0.483, P < 0.001), growing (R² = 0.425, P < 0.01), and finishing (R² = 0.553, P < 0.001) pigs. Body weight and DMD were not significantly correlated in weanling (R² = 0.001, P = 0.893), growing (R² = 0.000, P = 0.995), or finishing (R² = 0.092, P = 0.156) pigs. A positive correlation between PRD, which ranged from 27 to 102 h, and DMD occurred in gestating gilts (R² = 0.231, P < 0.05), but not in lactating sows (R² = 0.014, P = 0.633). The results indicate that longer retention times of digesta improve DMD in swine. Also the results indicate the importance of PRD as a potential independent variable in digestibility assessments.     

白腐菌固体发酵稻草传代驯化研究

[目的]研究白腐菌固体发酵稻草的传代驯化。[方法]通过对9株白腐菌(01菌、02号菌、1号菌、3号菌、5号菌、2-5菌、柬兰、姬松茸3-L和华泰菌)稻草固体发酵进行9～10次传代驯化试验,研究其菌丝生长状况、代时及发酵后的稻草降解性能。[结果]01菌和华泰菌经多代传接,生长正常,菌丝粗壮、纯白,抗杂菌能力强;在10.5～11.3 d发酵期内,SI值分别为1.71和1.34,居国内同类试验先进水平,可开发为草浆生产的白腐菌剂。[结论]该研究为研发适应于我国草浆生产的白腐菌剂提供了参考依据。     

双向泵站装置效率换算方法的探讨

根据水力计算原理，分析了双流道双向泵站效率和流道效率对泵站装置效率的影响；提出了原，模型装置效率换算时仅需考虑沿程损失的比尺效应，并据此推导了新的装置效率换算公式。     

不同培养系统和传代方法对昆明白小鼠原始生殖细胞分离培养的影响

[目的]寻求适合昆明白小鼠EG细胞的培养系统和传代方法。[方法]常规方法从昆明白小鼠原始生殖细胞中分离EG细胞,用不同培养系统(EG细胞基础培养液,RH-CM,EG细胞基础培养液+MEF)及不同传代方法(机械法,酶消化法,连同饲养层消化法),研究对昆明白小鼠EG细胞分离克隆的影响。[结果]以RH-CM作为培养基效果最好,RH-CM能够更好地促进EG细胞贴壁增殖和集落的形成,有效地维持EG细胞未分化状态;酶消化法和连同饲养层消化法均能获得较高的克隆形成率。[结论]RH-CM和连同饲养层消化法可分别作为昆明白小鼠EG细胞的培养系统和传代方法。     

青粗饲料通过牛瘤胃外流速度的研究

用铬标记饲料的方法测定了不同细度、不同种类粗饲料通过瘤胃的部分外流速度 Kp。试验结果表明,标记饲料的细度明显影响 Kp 的测定结果。饲料颗粒越细,通过瘤胃的外流速度越快。对于粗饲料,测定 Kp 时标记粒度应在流出瘤胃的临界粒度1.19mm 以下才具有代表性。不同种类的粗饲料,其 Kp 值不同。羊草、高粱青贮和豆腐渣的 Kp 值分别为0.0314、0.0253、0.0399h~(-1)。     

Anti-clogging performance evaluation and parameterized design of emitters with labyrinth channels

The anti-clogging performance of emitters with labyrinth channels is a key factor affecting their long-term service. Considering the limitation of evaluation on emitter's anti-clogging performance at present, a new method using passage rate of particles as the evaluation index was proposed based on stochastic trajectory model in a Lagrangian reference frame. Using orthogonal design, the passage rates of particles of 16 trapezoidal labyrinth channels with various geometries were calculated, where 4 dimensionless parameters were taken as the factors. The results obtained from analysis of range and variance showed that the influence degree on passage rate of particles ranks as follows: α > D/W > S/H > H/D. A mathematic model was established between the particle passage rate and 4 key parameters according to the multivariable regression method, which can be used to predict and compare the anti-clogging performance of trapezoidal labyrinth channels with different geometries.