基于灰色预测模型的我国海洋渔业发展趋势分析

综合应用船舶、机械、信息、新材料等技术,从海洋中捕捞经济渔获物并综合利用,是现代海洋捕捞业的主要特征。海洋捕捞技术的发展和创新,对保障我国食物安全、保护近海生态与资源、实现渔民增收和新渔村建设、推动渔业产业结构调整和转型、维护我国海洋权益等方面具有非常重要的作用。本文通过简析海洋捕捞渔场探测、渔具渔法与高效自动化辅渔助渔技术等方面的研究进展,提出海洋捕捞技术的重点发展方向,以期为我国海洋捕捞实现节能高效、生态友好和资源可持续利用,海洋捕捞技术升级和产业高质量发展提供参考。

     

B样条非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计与优化

钵苗移栽可以提高产量,对中国粮食安全具有重要意义。在分析水稻钵苗移栽机构最新研究进展的基础上,该文作者发明了基于三次非均匀有理B样条曲线的非圆齿轮行星轮系钵苗移栽机构。选取非圆齿轮节曲线上的13个型值点来控制和表达非圆齿轮的节曲线形状,通过该移栽机构的运动学分析,在确定优化目标的基础上,建立了夹秧片姿态和尖点轨迹的目标函数,将目标函数转化为优化数学模型。利用MATLAB GU平台,开发出该移栽机构的计算机辅助分析与优化软件,通过人机对话调整型值点,优化夹秧片姿态和尖点轨迹,从而获得了一组满足水稻钵苗移栽要求的结构参数。建立三维模型,并利用Admas进行虚拟样机仿真,验证了该移栽机构数学模型的正确性。     

固定轮系的旋轮线及在车削多面体中的应用

根据坐标变换公式推导了一对定轴齿轮旋轮线的公式,由内、外啮合的公式得出一系列旋轮线图,分析了影响旋轮线性质和形状的有关参数及变化规律。根据定轴轮系的传动性质,可推导出多齿轮固定轮系旋轮线的轨迹。在误差允许的范围内,可以利用定轴轮系的旋轮线在其中心部分形成近似的正多边形的性质来车削正多边形。以正四边形为例,进行了误差分析和试验验证。     

常见的凸封闭节曲线非圆齿轮副设计

根据非圆齿轮的啮合原理,针对椭圆、偏心圆和巴斯噶蜗线等几种常见的凸封闭节曲线及其共轭的非圆齿轮,推导了节曲线的计算公式,并可利用计算机进行精确求解和某些特性参数的修正计算。对三类齿轮副的传动性能和设计制造方面的优缺点进行了对比分析,为其后续设计和制造提供依据。     

基于局部综合法的非零正传动弧齿锥齿轮副设计

利用局部综合法对非零正传动弧齿锥齿轮副进行大重合度加工参数设计,克服了非零正传动由于啮合角增大而使得重合度降低的不足。通过实例与常规设计的结果进行仿真与应力分析对比,结果表明,在同样的载荷条件下,新设计比常规设计的小轮最大齿根拉伸应力减小27.6%,最大齿根压缩应力减小23.5%,最大齿面接触应力减小6.5%,同时大轮的齿根应力也有所降低,使得齿轮副具有更高的寿命和可靠性。     

Design and experimental validation of a novel double ring plate gear reducer

A novel double ring plate gear reducer (DRPGR) is designed and its experimental validation is conducted. By using the closed graph method, the modification coefficients of internal gearing in DRPGR are determined. Based on this, the overall structure of the reducer is designed and its kinematics simulation is achieved. With APDL programming language of ANSYS, a 3D finite element (FE) model of DRPGR is established, and its modal analysis and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) are conducted respectively. The modal analysis reveals that the lower natural frequencies of DRPGR are much higher than the input frequency and the lower modes can be classified as vertical and horizontal bending of input and output shafts. The LTCA indicates that three pairs of gear teeth contact simultaneously at rated output torque. Due to the multi teeth contacts, the maximum stress is much lower than the permissible stress of internal gearings. The experimental tests of the prototype validate that DRPGR is adapted to both single driven and dual driven work condition. When single droved, DRPGR can eliminate the kinematic uncertainty by non 180 degree phase difference design. DRPGR claims a better dynamic performance in dual driven work condition. The efficiency of DRPGR increases with the increment of output torque and the reducer has an excellent short term overloaded capacity. The experimental results validate that the proposed method can be used to guide the design of that kind of reducer.     

Keeping watch on the unwatchable: technological solutions for the problems generated by ecosystem-based management

Ecosystem‐based management is an emerging paradigm influencing the management of commercial fisheries. Increasingly, developed nations are adopting explicit legislation and policy governing the assessment and management of their fisheries against criteria of ecological sustainability. Yet the ability to evaluate ecosystem impacts of fisheries is compromised by a general lack of understanding of marine ecosystem function (beyond the population level) and a lack of robust and practical indicators for ecosystem health and management. Recent technological advances can assist in developing criteria, including structural analyses of seafloor communities potentially impacted by fishing gears (e.g. demersal trawling). Similarly, advances in fishing gear technology, including improved selectivity and the development of gears which have a more benign environmental impact, can mitigate some of the ecological impacts of fishing. Such technological advances are summarized in the context of contemporary fisheries management.     

行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构正反求设计方法研究

为了解决现有行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构较难同时具备理想的移栽轨迹和姿态的问题,提出了正向设计与局部轨迹微调的反求设计相结合的设计方法。以非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计为例,阐述该方法的实现过程。建立行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构设计要求,并分析其工作原理,在前期正向设计的基础上,局部调整其移栽静轨迹,通过反求设计进一步优化设计移栽机构。进行局部反求设计的运动学分析和运动学建模,基于Matlab平台开发计算机辅助设计软件,通过人机交互的方式得到移栽机构的机构参数,使其不仅满足移栽臂移栽的姿态要求,同时获得更理想的移栽工作轨迹。根据最终得到的机构参数设计移栽机构结构,完成三维建模、虚拟仿真试验,加工、装配移栽机构物理样机,完成了高速摄像运动学试验。将移栽机构理论计算、虚拟仿真、样机试验得到的移栽静轨迹比较,同时逐一将轨迹相关参数、取秧角、推秧角、角度差等设计目标参数与相应数值化目标进行对比,结果显示,均满足要求,验证了设计方法的正确性。与以往单一的正向设计、反求设计方法相比,该方法设计的移栽机构不仅具有更优的移栽工作轨迹,也可满足较好的移栽姿态要求。     

圆弧齿轮排肥器设计与仿真试验

针对外槽轮式排肥器存在排肥流量均匀性较差的问题,设计一种圆弧齿轮排肥器。对排肥轮结构进行理论分析,建立排肥量数学模型,并确定在结构参数不变的情况下,影响排肥器排肥量的工作参数。设计仿真试验,研究工作参数对圆弧齿轮排肥器排肥量的影响、对比圆弧齿轮排肥器与外槽轮式排肥器排肥流量均匀性高低;设计验证试验,检验仿真试验可靠性;结果表明:1)因调肥隔板与排肥轮间存在间隙,导致肥料堆积产生滑移现象,排肥器无法通过改变工作槽段长度对排肥量进行稳定调节,但排肥轮转速可线性改变排肥器排肥量,且排肥轮转速与排肥流量间存在线性关系;2)圆弧齿轮排肥器较外槽轮式排肥器排肥流量变异系数平均减小30.14%,排肥流量均匀性有了较大的提高;3)台架试验值与离散元仿真值相对误差值均小于2.5%,离散元仿真试验结果可靠。     

基于ADAMS的齿轮变速箱动态特性仿真分析

基于三维造型软件Pro／E构建BJ2020型齿轮变速箱的实体模型,并将其导入到ADAMS中,添加约束和载荷后建立变速箱虚拟样机模型,根据变速箱在二档时的实际工况,对其进行动力学仿真,得到输出轴转速、各级齿轮啮合力及啮合频率。仿真结果与理论计算值对比数据较吻合,验证了仿真的准确性。