实验动物微生物学质量控制及效果观察

以SPF级（无特殊病原体）动物为种源，采取综合防治措施，在屏障设施饲养清洁级实验小鼠和大鼠。经过两年饲养繁育的结果表明：动物微生物学质量符合清洁级动物国家标准，质量控制效果显著。     

新城疫病毒融合蛋白裂解位点基因的分离克隆及在原核细胞中的表达

用ＳＰＦ鸡胚繁殖新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ４６Ｅ９株（强毒）、ＬａＳｏｔａＥ４株（弱毒），对病毒进行纯化，抽提ＲＮＡ。用１对均为２７个碱基的引物进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ，扩增出了２个毒株的融合蛋白裂解位点（Ｆｃ）基因。将Ｆｃ基因定向克隆入ｐＵＣ１８的ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＳａｌⅠ位点之间，获得２个毒株Ｆｃ基因克隆ｐＵＣＦ４６Ｆｃ和ｐＵＣＬａＦｃ，用ＥｃｏＲＩ／ＳａｌⅠ双酶切法、ＰｓｔⅠ单酶切法、ＰＣＲ法和核酸探针法对其进行了鉴定。将鉴定好的ＬａＳｏｔａＥ４Ｆｃ基因定向导入表达载体质粒ｐＢＶ２２１，获得重组子ｐＢＶＬａＦｃ。ＰＣＲ和内切酶酶切法鉴定表明，Ｆｃ插入的位置和方向都正确无误。用Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＤＨ５α通过热诱导法进行了表达。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ法检测了表达产物。结果表明，有１条能够与ＮＤＶ多抗反应的特异条带，分子量约１５７００，与预期大小一致，说明是Ｆｃ基因的表达产物     

内充气吹式油菜精量排种器气室流场仿真与试验

针对机械式排种器易发生堵塞造成漏播的问题,设计了一种内充气吹式油菜精量排种器。以ANSYS/CFX为工具建立气室流场仿真模型,以气室有无平衡出气孔为试验因素,对气室内气流场进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,有平衡气孔的气室压力波动比无平衡气孔小93 Pa。台架试验表明,无气吹作用、无平衡气孔气室气吹作用和有平衡气孔气室气吹作用3种状态下,漏播指数分别为14.4%、4.4%和2.4%,排种器的合格指数分别为66.8%、78.4%和82.0%,在气吹作用下排种器堵塞漏播问题得到明显改善。     

基于射频卡的高等农林院校计算机实验室管理系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了基于射频卡的计算机实验室管理系统的设计方法与实现技术,主要包括系统分析与设计、网络设计以及系统实施中的关键技术。     

实验室现代化管理系统的构建及运行研究

采用门禁系统、摄像监控系统监控、ZZSHUN智能化设备管理系统、LIMS实验室信息管理系统和搭建网络实验教学平台等现代化管理手段,进行实验室管理和实验教学,在有限的人力资源条件下,实现了实验室管理有序化、规范化、体系化和高效化,提高了实验室的使用效率。     

非洲凤仙茎基腐病病原学及药剂敏感性1）

对非洲凤仙（Impatiens wallerana Hook．f．）茎基腐病的症状进行了描述,结合病原形态特征、培养特性及rDNA－ITS序列分析结果,确定该病害由Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG4－HG－Ⅰ融合群引起。病菌的生物学特性研究表明：菌丝较适生长温度为25～30℃;菌丝生长较佳的培养基为OA和PSA,较佳的碳源为D－（＋）麦芽糖、α－乳糖和可溶性淀粉,较佳的氮源为硝酸钾和硝酸钠;pH＝7时菌丝生长最好;光照条件对菌丝生长无影响;菌丝致死条件为51℃、10 min。采用生长速率法测定了病菌对30种杀菌剂的敏感性,结果表明,病菌对≥300亿个· g－1内生芽孢杆菌WP、1000亿个· g－1枯草芽孢杆菌WP、25％肟菌·50％戊唑醇WG、40％氟硅唑EC敏感性较高,对其EC50＜1．0 mg· L－1,可以作为田间防治非洲凤仙茎基腐病的首选杀菌剂。     

遗传学实验教材存在的问题及改革实践

基于目前遗传学实验教材一般存在背景知识介绍过于简单且陈旧、操作指导介绍过于笼统等不足,杨大祥在《遗传学实验》编写和修订时作了一些创新：注重实验背景知识、研究思路的介绍及实验结果的解释;注重学生科研基本功的训练;通过课后练习引申实验内容,让学生关注相关技术在实践中的应用等等,以此激发学生探索、发现的兴趣。     

Serological response of guinea pigs to oily and aqueous inactivated vaccines containing a Brazilian isolate of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is widespread in cattle in Brazil and research shows its large antigenic variability. Available vaccines are produced with virus strains isolated in other countries and may not be effective. In this study, inactivated vaccines containing the Brazilian BVDV-Ib IBSP11 isolate were developed and tested on 6 groups of 10 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Animals in groups A and C received an aqueous vaccine (aluminum hydroxide); B and D groups received an oily vaccine (Montanide ISA50); Group E positive-control animals were given an imported commercial vaccine with BVDV-Ia Singer; Group F animals were sham vaccinated (negative control). Groups A, B and E received two doses, and Groups C and D, three, every 21 days. Twelve blood samples were taken, at 21-day intervals over 231 days, and evaluated for antibody titer through virus-neutralization (VN), using a homologous strain (IBSP11), and a heterologous strain (BVDV-Ia NADL). Most animals, 42 days following the first dose, seroconverted to both strains and, after the second dose, there was a significant increase of titers in all groups. The oily formulation induced greater response after the third administration. This increase was not observed with the aqueous vaccines, regardless of the virus used in the VN. Antibody decline was more rapid in animals that received aqueous vaccines. The results showed the importance of studying the influence of endemic strains of commercial vaccines, to improve the efficacy of BVD vaccination. Use of the endemic strain in vaccine formulation presented promising results, as well as the use of guinea pigs as a laboratory model.     

Tuberculosis vaccination sequence effect on protection in wild boar

The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a reservoir for tuberculosis (TB) in which vaccination is a valuable tool for control. We evaluated the protection and immune response achieved by homologous and heterologous regimes administering BCG and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (IV). Twenty-one wild boar piglets were randomly allocated in five groups: Control, homologous BCG, homologous IV, heterologous IV-BCG, heterologous BCG-IV. Significant 67% and 66% total lesion score reductions were detected in homologous IV (IVx2) and heterologous IV-BCG groups when compared with Control group (F_4,16 = 6.393, p = 0.003; Bonferroni _{Control vs IVx2} p = 0.026, Tukey _{Control vs IV-BCG} p = 0.021). No significant differences were found for homologous BCG (although a 48% reduction in total lesion score was recorded) and BCG-IV (3% reduction). Heterologous regimes did not improve protection over homologous regimes in the wild boar model and showed variable results from no protection to similar protection as homologous regimes. Therefore, homologous regimes remain the best option to vaccinate wild boar against TB. Moreover, vaccine sequence dramatically influenced the outcome underlining the relevance of studying the effects of prior sensitization in the outcome of vaccination.     

农业转基因实验室生物风险研究进展

综述了我国农业转基因实验室生物安全研究的现状以及转基因作物实验室的生物安全风险因素,并提出了相应的安全管理建议。