花生晚斑病抗性AFLP标记

以抗感晚斑病组合“中花5号×ICGV 86699”的F2分离群体为材料，经田间抗性鉴定明确抗性亲本ICGV 86699的抗性受隐性单基因或主效基因控制；AFLP分析结合BSA法筛选到与晚斑病抗性连锁较紧密的AFLP标记3个，即E35/M51、E37/M48和E41/M47，它们与抗性间的图距分别为7.40cM、7.40cM和8.67cM；所获得的3个标记间连锁紧密，位于同一连锁群上。这3个标记在具有野生种亲缘的7个抗病花生品种或材料中均能检测到，而在栽培种以多粒型为代表的抗病材料中均未检测到，表明ICGV 86699的抗性基因与栽培种花生中的抗性基因不同。这是国内外有关花生晚斑病抗性分子标记的首例报道。     

Construction and Partial Biological Characteristics Analysis of Listeriolysin S llsB Gene Deletion Strain

In order to analyze the effect of listeriolysin S (LLS) llsB gene deletion on the biological characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes (LM),this study used homologous recombination to construct the llsB gene deletion strain LM90-ΔllsB,and the biological characteristics of growth characteristics,median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ-borne bacteria were studied in healthy Kunming male mice at 8 weeks old and weighing 40 g±5 g.The llsB gene deletion strain was successfully constructed,and the deletion strain had good genetic stability through continuous passage to 20 generations in vitro.Based on its growth curve examination,we found that the growth rate of the mutant strain was slightly higher than that of the parent strain.The results of mice infection test showed that the LD₅₀ of the parent strain and the deletion strain were 10^6.17 and 10^6.50 CFU,respectively.Compared with the parent strain,the amount of bacteria load of the deletion strain in the liver and spleen of the mice was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the results showed that the infection ability of the mutant strain on mice was obviously weakened.No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the brain.The results suggested that llsB gene might have direct or indirect regulatory effect on some biological characteristics of LM90,and it would provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of LLS,prevention and control of listeriosis.     

WaLIS—A simple model to simulate water partitioning in a crop association: The example of an intercropped vineyard

The introduction of cover crops in vineyards is being tested as it mitigates some undesirable environmental impacts of these cropping systems, such as surface runoff and soil erosion. In some cases, it could even reduce an excessive vegetative vigour of grapevine. However, most of time, wine growers are worried that severe competition for soil resources between the intercrop and grapevines could impair grape yield and quality. WaLIS (Water baLance for Intercropped Systems), a simple model simulating the water resource partitioning in such an association was designed to evaluate and optimize the water regime in intercropped systems.The model is presented and evaluated in this paper in three situations: the same grapevine cultivar (cv. Aranel) with either bare soil, or a temporary intercrop (barley) or a permanent intercrop (tall fescue). All three situations are located in the south of France. It is based on an existing model, designed to simulate the water regime of a bare soil vineyard, which was adapted to take into account the specific features of intercropped systems. Hence it includes a two-compartment representation of the soil particularly adapted to row crops. The simulation of a grass cover growth and its transpiration were added. Finally, particular importance was dedicated to the simulation of surface runoff which was the main source of the original model deviation during the winter period and made difficult multi-year simulations. Now, the model appears to be able to evaluate perennial cropping systems and provide decision support.The WaLIS model simulated the water available for both grapevine and intercrop well, and it proved to be efficient in most of the tested situations and years. The modelling of the water stress experienced by both crops was also generally good and all water fluxes simulated by the model were realistic. The main observed deviation in the simulation of the water soil content occurred during winter, i.e. outside the grapevine growth period. It was very likely due to the use of a constant parameter value for the surface runoff which did not take into account of changes in the soil surface and their effects on water infiltration.Finally, the analysis of sensitivity made on the WaLIS model showed that it is robust and sensitive to a few parameters, which drive the maximal grapevine transpiration and soil evaporation or are linked to the surface runoff simulation. The work also revealed how a good estimate of the total soil water available for each crop is crucial. This model, easy to use and parameterise, can provide sound management advice for designing valuable intercropped cropping systems.     

花生晚斑病抗性遗传分离分析

选用高抗晚斑病种质ICGV86699与高感花生品种中花5号作亲本构建重组近交系XA-RIL群体,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析晚斑病抗性的遗传特性。结果表明,XA-RIL群体家系间晚斑病抗性差异极显著,抗性受2对加性-上位性主基因+加性-上位性多基因控制,主基因遗传率为60.10%~86.61%,微效多基因遗传率为6.65%~32.77%。相关分析表明,晚斑病抗性与晚熟、结果数少、小籽粒等性状连锁。鉴定出家系XA006为一个综合农艺性状优良的高产、高抗晚斑病材料。