Effects of Large Saddle Panels on the Biomechanics of the Equine Back During Rising Trot: Preliminary Results

The saddle panels, directly in contact with the horse's back, are likely an important element to optimize the fitting of the saddle, the comfort of the horse, and subsequently, the pain management in dorsalgic horses. The aim of this study was to better understand the effect of the saddle panels on the horse's back, by evaluating a prototype saddle (comfort panels: CP) compared to a standard saddle (STD). The horse's back movements were measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) fixed at the levels of thoracic vertebrae T6, T12, T16 (under the saddle) and lumbar vertebrae L2 and L5. The centers of mass (COMs) of the horse and the rider and limb's protraction-retraction angles, pressure between saddle and horse's back, and force on the stirrups were measured using respectively 2D motion capture, pressure mat and force sensors in the stirrup leather. Three horses were trotted at the rising trot (sitting: left diagonal-rider seated; standing: right diagonal-rider standing) by the same rider. To compare saddles, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. The estimated means (SE) were calculated. During sitting phase, pressure in the cranial and middle areas of the saddle significantly increased for CP compared to STD (+0.9 (0.2) kPa and +1.0 (0.1) kPa, respectively) whereas caudal pressure decreased (−1.8 (0.4) kPa). Concurrently, the range of motion of angles T12-T16 and T16-L2 under the saddle significantly increased (+1.8 (0.2)° and +2.3 (0.3)°, respectively). The results showed that modifications of the panels' shape not only affect the pressure distribution but also the kinematics of the thoracic and lumbar regions of the equine back.     

基于腕力传感器的机器人操作臂末端位置误差补偿

针对机器人操作臂夹持工具与环境作用时基于传感器坐标系内的微分运动分析 ,推导出基于工具坐标系的定位误差及基于基坐标系的定位误差补偿 ,并以 PU MA5 60型机器人为例计算了定位误差及其误差补偿     

麦弗逊式独立悬架导向机构的运动特性

运用多刚体动力学和空间机构运动学方法给出了麦弗逊独立悬架运动特性参数的计算方法。采用该算法对实例中的导向机构进行了分析运算,结果表明,该算法可行、有效,且使悬架的设计计算更为准确、清晰,提高了工作效率。     

并联机床——新一代数控机床

并联机床是数控机床行业的新生代,目前尚处于起步阶段,本文简要介绍了国内外发展动态,以及面临的问题。     

水稻插秧机后插式分插机构运动分析与试验

对水稻插秧机后插式分插机构进行了分析。通过秧针端点运动轨迹上的6个特定点,对后插式分插机构的运动学特性作了理论分析和计算机模拟,并利用高速摄像对机构运动学分析进行了试验验证。理论分析和田间试验表明,后插式分插机构的结构参数选择合理,插秧性能优良。     

三自由度并联机构位置和运动分析及仿真

分析了一种两平移一转动三自由度并联机构,得到该机构位置正反解析解,采用求导法得到其一阶和二阶运动影响系数。利用运动影响系数对该机构进行了速度和加速度分析,并在ADAMS软件上进行仿真,验证了该理论分析的正确性。同时,提供了该机构在中医推拿方面的具体应用实例。     

偏心链轮传动机构的运动学分析及参数优化

针对偏心链轮传动机构工作过程中链条松紧变化大的问题设计了偏心张紧轮.通过优化张紧轮的转动中心位置、偏心量和初始角位移,使链条在周期中始终处于张紧状态.利用微分对该传动机构进行了运动学分析,列出了主、从链轮角位移关系的求解方程,并以此为基础,进行了传动系统的运动学分析和张紧轮的轮心坐标、初始相位角和偏心量的优化计算,其目标是在周期中使链条松紧波动最小.列出了优化实例,在优化过程中考虑了链节长度的非连续性.     

空间转动3-SPS-1-S型并联机构奇异位形研究

奇异性是机构的固有性质,奇异位形分析对并联机构的轨迹规划和控制具有重要的意义.研究一种空间转动三自由度3-S(P)S-1-S型并联机构的奇异位形,构建了该并联机构的运动学模型,建立了机构位置逆解与速度映射解析方程,并求出了机构Jacobian矩阵;提出该机构奇异位形的判别准则,并引入了可操纵度这一运动性能评价指标进行奇异性分析.分析结果表明,该机构在指定任务空间具有良好的可操纵性与运动性能,但在工作空间内具有发生位形奇异的可能,在运动过程中应当避开特殊运动位置以避免奇异位形的发生.     

步行轮轮脚与土壤相互作用运动学

在推导步行轮轮脚运动轨迹方程和包络线方程的基础上,分析了步行轮在软地面上行驶时轮脚刺孔的形状和大小、包络线的长度和位置以及驱动面接触线长度的影响因素和计算方法,为动力性能的分析提供了依据和基础。