果树自交不亲和性的遗传与生理机制及其研究

在简要介绍植物（包括果树）自交不亲和性与生理控制机制的基础上，着重对梨、苹果、杏等果树自交不亲和性的研究进行了综述，内容包括花柱内花粉管生长特点、花柱S糖蛋白的特性与作用机理以及果树自交不亲和的分子生物学研究，并提出了该领域有待研究的问题。     

除草剂谷友对谷田杂草的除草效果及对谷子安全性的影响

以冀谷19为试材,研究了44%谷友(单嘧.扑灭)WP对谷田杂草的田间防效及对谷子安全性的影响。结果表明:44%谷友最佳使用剂量为1 800 g/hm2。在该剂量下,除草效果较好,且对谷子生产安全,谷子产量与人工锄草基本相同,但较50%扑灭津WP(药剂对照)增产显著。     

Ausnahmen von Quarantäneauflagen für Forschungs- und Züchtungszwecke

Specific harmful organisms whether singly or associated with plants shall not be introduced into the European Community. All activities which would involve these organisms are not allowed. The authorities can make under defined requirements an exception for activities for trial or scientific purposes and for work on varietal selections. The responsible body has to determine conditions which must be satisfied in the case of introductions, movements or activities, in order to ensure that there is no risk of harmful organism spreading. The legal basis is the Commission directive 95/44/EC transferred into German legislation by the Pflanzenbeschauverordnung.     

森林经营方案实施效益计算机评价系统的研制与应用

本文论述“国营林场、采育场森林经营方案实施效益评价系统”的计算机程序设计思想以及程序实现的方法,介绍福建省来舟林业试验场及其森林经营方案概况,把各种量化的数据输入计算机,对该场森林经营方案实施效益进行了评价,并讨论分析了计算机输出的评价结果。     

Frozen bread dough: Effects of freezing storage and dough improvers

This review focuses on the effects of freezing storage on the microstructure and baking performance of frozen doughs, and provides an overview of the activities of dough improvers, including emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and other improvers used in frozen dough applications. The overall quality of bread baked from frozen dough deteriorates as the storage of the dough at sub-zero temperatures increases due to several factors which are discussed. Lipid-related emulsifiers such as diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono and diglycerides and sucrose esters employed as anti-staling agents, dough modifiers, shortening sparing agents, and as improvers for the production of high-protein bread have also been employed in frozen doughs. Hydrocolloids are gaining importance in the baking industry as dough improvers due to their ability to induce structural changes in the main components of wheat flour systems during breadmaking steps and bread storage Their effects in frozen doughs is discussed. Other dough improvers, such as ascorbic acid, honey and green tea extract, are also reviewed in the context of frozen doughs.     

VH1-44 gene usage defines a subset of canine B-cell lymphomas associated with better patient survival

The use of specific immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes has been associated with increased patient survival in human B-cell lymphomas (hBCL). Given the similarity of human and canine BCL (cBCL) in morphology and clinical treatment, we examined the choice of VH in cBCL and determined whether VH gene selection was a distinct feature associated with survival time in dogs. VH gene selection and mutational status in 52 cBCL, including 29 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (cDLBCL, the most common subtype of cBCL), were analyzed by comparison with the 80 published canine germline VH gene sequences. We further examined the prognostic impact of the subgroups defined by these features on canine survival. We found that VH1-44 was preferentially expressed in the majority of the 52 cBCLs (60%) as well as in the majority of the cDLBCL subset (59%). VH1-44 gene expression was associated with a statistically better overall survival (p = 0.039) in cBCL patients, as well as in the cDLBCL subset of patients (p = 0.038). These findings suggest that VH gene selection in cBCL is not random and may therefore have functional implications for cBCL lymphomagenesis, in addition to being a useful prognostic biomarker.     

替米考星治疗人工感染巴氏杆菌病仔猪试验

研究了国产替米考星注射用药对人工感染多杀性巴氏杆菌病猪的治疗效果,用断奶仔猪进行试验,为临床使用提供了依据.结果表明,替米考星治疗急性猪肺疫效果确实, 推荐剂量为10 mg/kg体重.     

吸水剂提高群众杨的抗盐性及其机理

该文利用盐敏感的群众杨,研究在盐胁迫条件下吸水剂对树木抗盐性的影响．实验中使用的是德国Stockhausen化学公司研制生产的新型吸水剂:Stocksorb 500 XL(钾-聚丙烯酸脂-聚丙烯酰胺共聚体)．土壤中施用0.5%吸水剂(干重)提高了群众杨的抗盐性．在盐胁迫期间,吸水剂处理显著抑制了有害盐离子Na+和Cl-在苗木叶片中的积累,提高了苗木的气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(TRN)和光合速率(Pn),使苗木能够维持超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶的活性,保持了活性氧清除能力．NaCl处理苗木在处理后25 d叶片出现盐害,Stocksorb 500 XL型吸水剂使苗木盐害出现的时间推迟20 d．吸水剂能调控植物对离子的吸收,主要源于吸水剂对盐分的缓冲作用和离子选择吸附作用:①Stocksorb 500 XL自身超强的吸水能力起到了稀释土壤盐分的作用,形成了植物根系生长的低盐环境;②通过对离子的选择吸附,吸水剂胶体富积了钙和镁,屏蔽了Na+离子．另外,Stocksorb 500 XL自身含有可被植物根系吸收利用的K+．所以,根系生长在这样的环境中,无疑将减少对有害盐离子的吸收、转运和积累,而增加对营养元素的吸收和利用,最终提高了植物的抗盐性．      

大豆GmFTL3和GmFTL5启动子的组织特异性表达分析

大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）GmFTL3和GmFTL5基因具有很高的序列相似性,均参与大豆开花调节,但表达模式并不相同,本研究以启动子为突破口,分析这两个基因之间的表达差异。从大豆品种天隆1号中克隆GmFTL3和GmFTL5的启动子,构建载体pGmFTL3pro::GUS和pGmFTL5pro::GUS,转化拟南芥进行GUS染色分析。结果显示：无论长日条件还是短日条件,苗期和花器官中GmFTL3启动子均不驱动GUS基因在拟南芥中表达,而GmFTL5启动子则驱动GUS基因在拟南芥中表达,且在苗期的不同阶段呈现组织表达特异性。在花器官中,GmFTL5启动子驱动GUS基因主要在花萼、花瓣、花药和花粉粒中表达。实时定量结果显示,在大豆中,GmFTL3和GmFTL5基因均有表达。综上所述,大豆GmFTL3启动子在大豆中有活性但在拟南芥中无活性;GmFTL5启动子在大豆和拟南芥中均有活性,但表达可能存在差异; GmFTL5启动子在花器官中表达可能暗示GmFTL5基因与花器官发育有关。     

苹果梨花芽孕育期生长锥细胞超微结构的观察

利用透射电镜对苹果梨花芽孕育期芽内生长锥细胞进行了观察，结果显示，在花芽孕育形成的过程中，生长锥细胞的超微结构发生了一系列变化：蛋白体和脂类小滴逐渐增加；核外膜向外延伸到胞质中与内质网相连，其上分布的核糖体增多；线粒体和内质网数目丰富且分布均匀；核糖体大量游散在胞质中；质体呈浅裂，中央缢缩；微管分布于靠近质膜处等。以上超微结构的变化表现出细胞旺盛分裂和分化的特点，反映了花芽孕育过程中的细胞学特征。