几种楼梯面可视化快速参数建模方法

楼梯面的智能化建模问题是建筑、装饰等行业的热点问题．以AutoCAD VBA作为开发工具．给出几种楼梯面可视化参数快速建模方法，并对楼梯面的生成算法进行了探讨．使楼梯面模型的设计更具敏捷化、智能化和可交互性．开发的设计程序可作为AutoCAD命令嵌入到的AutoCAD绘图软件中．以提高用户的设计效率。     

Anthropogenic influences on potential fire spread in a pyrogenic ecosystem of Florida, USA

Fire has historically been an important ecological factor maintaining southeastern U.S. vegetation. Humans have altered natural fire regimes by fragmenting fuels, introducing exotic species, and suppressing fires. Little is known about how these alterations specifically affect spatial fire extent and pattern. We applied historic (1920 and 1943) and current (1990) GIS fuels maps and the FARSITE fire spread model to quantify the differences between historic and current fire spread distributions. We held all fire modeling variables (wind speed and direction, cloud cover, precipitation, humidity, air temperature, fuel moistures, ignition source and location) constant with exception of the fuel models representing different time periods. Model simulations suggest that fires during the early 1900's burned freely across the landscape, while current fires are much smaller, restricted by anthropogenic influences. Fire extent declined linearly with patch density, and there was a quadratic relationship between fire extent and percent landscape covered by anthropogenic features. We found that as little as 10 percent anthropogenic landcover caused a 50 percent decline in fire extent. Most landscapes (conservation or non-conservation areas) are now influenced by anthropogenic features which disrupt spatial fire behavior disproportionately to their actual size. These results suggest that land managers using fire to restore or maintain natural ecosystem function in pyrogenic systems will have to compensate for anthropogenic influences in their burn planning. This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Integration of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic for dose optimization of doxycycline against Haemophilus parasuis in pigs

The aims of this study were to establish optimal doses of doxycycline (dox) against Haemophilus parasuis on the basis of pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) integration modeling. The infected model was established by intranasal inoculation of organism in pigs and confirmed by clinical signs, blood biochemistry, and microscopic examinations. The recommended dose (20 mg/kg b.w.) was administered in pigs through intramuscular routes for PK studies. The area under the concentration 0‐ to 24‐hr curve (AUC_0–24), elimination half‐life (T_½ke), and mean residence time (MRT) of dox in healthy and H. parasuis‐infected pigs were 55.51 ± 5.72 versus 57.10 ± 4.89 μg·hr/ml, 8.28 ± 0.91 versus 9.80 ± 2.38 hr, and 8.43 ± 0.27 versus 8.79 ± 0.18 hr, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dox against 40 H. parasuis isolates was conducted through broth microdilution method, the corresponding MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ were 0.25 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. The Ex vivo growth inhibition data suggested that dox exhibited a concentration‐dependent killing mechanism. Based on the observed AUC_24 hr/MIC values by modeling PK‐PD data in H. parasuis‐infected pigs, the doses predicted to obtain bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects for H. parasuis over 24 hr were 5.25, 8.55, and 10.37 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR), and 7.26, 13.82, and 18.17 mg/kg for 90% TAR, respectively. This study provided a more optimized alternative for clinical use and demonstrated that the dosage 20 mg/kg of dox by intramuscular administration could have an effective bactericidal activity against H. parasuis.     

基于季节特征的土壤退墒模型建立与率定

利用河南省南阳市2011—2015年12个墒情站的土壤水分监测资料,分析研究了无增墒情况下土壤含水量消退规律,构建出基于不同季节(夏季、春秋季与冬季)的土壤含水量与衰减系数的数学模型,运用规划求解法率定模型参数,并利用2016—2017年资料对模型进行检验。结果表明,不同季节土壤水分衰竭系数模型分别为α=1.023(1-ω~2/4353)~(1/2)(夏季)、α=1.013(1-ω~2/7005)~(1/2)(春秋季)与α=1.008(1-ω~2/9303)~(1/2)(冬季),所建立的数学模型适用于南阳市相应季节壤土与粘壤土小麦、水稻与休闲地土壤旱情预测,但不适用于夏季与春秋季砂土特别是休闲地砂土土壤墒情预测。     

禾谷缢管蚜气味降解酶鉴定及其与关键信息化学物质的分子对接

为探究禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi气味降解酶(odorant degrading enzyme,ODE)与关键信息化学物质的作用模式,从其触角转录组中筛选属于ODE的细胞色素P450与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶,利用IQ-tree 2.1.1软件构建进化树;根据FPKM值筛选出高表达蛋白,用SWISS-MODEL软件进行同源建模;并应用AutoDock软件与寄主植物挥发性气味和信息素进行分子对接。结果表明,筛选获得禾谷缢管蚜细胞色素P450基因30个,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因10个,且40个基因均有完整的开放阅读框;根据FPKM值筛选出9个在禾谷缢管蚜触角表达量较高的基因,其中同源建模成功的有5个;同一蛋白与不同气味分子结合时,结合能有差异;结构相似的气味分子与不同蛋白结合时,结合位点与结合能相似。表明与气味结合蛋白相比较,禾谷缢管蚜ODE对气味分子的选择特异性较低。     

FMDV OA/58病毒株VP3蛋白结构的模拟与分析

以口蹄疫病毒株OA／58 RNA为模板,反转录并扩增目的cDNA,然后与pMD18-T载体连接并转化JM109菌株,提取的重组质粒用凝胶电泳、PCR和BarnHⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切法鉴定。分析表明,口蹄疫病毒VP1、VP2、VP3和VP4在核苷酸水平上的变异率是无差异的（P〉0．05）;而它们在氨基酸水平上的变异率差异显著（P〈0．05）。该毒株与20株源于GenBank中的VP3氨基酸序列比较发现其保守区主要位于第1～24、26～35、37～43、45～57、61～122、124～173、175～209、211～220位。运用同源模建,OA／58 VP3蛋白三维空间结构可分为A,B,C3个结构区域。保守区氨基酸残基在维持VP3蛋白的空间构象和功能方面具有重要作用。     

结合光谱降维的IPSO-SVR水体总磷浓度预测模型

[目的] 选择最优模型对水体中总磷浓度进行预测,为准确、实时、高效检测水资源状况提供支持。 [方法] 以2021年在长江中下游武汉—安徽地区采集的水质样本作为研究对象,首先,对采集到的长江光谱数据进行最大最小归一化和均值中心化两种预处理操作以便统一数据的范围和均值点,并使用核主成分分析(KPCA)技术对预处理后的光谱数据进行降维操作。选取方差解释率为99.6%下的6个特征向量进行后续预测模型的训练,接着在原有粒子群算法的基础上引入自适应惯性权重更新公式和遗传—模拟退火变异思想,提高算法的寻优能力。使用改进的粒子群优化算法对支持向量回归模型中的超参数组合进行寻优,对支持向量回归模型使用输出的结果进行预测模型的训练,最后使用测试集数据进行总磷浓度的预测。 [结果] 提出了一种结合光谱降维的改进粒子群优化算法(IPSO)结合支持向量回归(SVR)的水体总磷含量预测模型。通过和当前预测性能较好的几种机器学习模型进行精度的比较发现,该试验模型对长江水体总磷浓度进行预测时决定系数(R²)为0.973 920,均方根差(RMSE)为0.003 012,平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.002 105。 [结论] 使用光谱数据结合降维技术、粒子群优化算法和机器学习模型的算法融合模型检测水体总磷浓度可行性强,精确度高,且拟合效果良好。     

Valuing Potential Benefits of Research into the Biological Control of Californian Thistle （Cirsium arvense）： A Bioeconomic Model

The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.     

农作物单产风险分布对保险费率厘定的影响 --以新疆3县（市）棉花单产保险为例

以新疆莎车县、沙雅县和阿克苏市棉花单产保险的费率厘定为例,在农作物风险及保险费率厘定理论分析的基础上,通过参数方法和保险精算技术,选择拟合3县(市)棉花单产风险的最优模型,对棉花单产风险4种分布假定下所精算的保险费率与其合理费率进行比较,以分析农作物单产风险分布对保险费率厘定的影响。实证研究结果表明:Logistic分布为拟合3县(市)棉花单产风险的最优分布,3县(市)棉花保险的合理纯费率分别是7.62%、6.32%和4.96%,在正态、正态化和Weibull3种分布假设下厘定的保险费率均存在误差,幅度从低0.2个百分点到高8个百分点。由此说明,单产风险分布模型的选择直接影响到农作物保险费率厘定的准确性,准确厘定农作物保险费率的关键在于正确选择单产风险分布模型。     

多组离合器参与的换挡过程混合建模与仿真

在分析多组离合器参与的自动变速器换挡过程特点的基础上,指出该换挡过程是由连续系统与离散系统组成的混合系统,进而提出基于键合图理论的连续系统和基于有限状态机的离散系统的换挡过程混合建模方法。在Matlab／Simulink和Matlab／Stateflow平台上建立了包含多种状态的东方红1302R型橡胶履带拖拉机液压机械无级变速器的换挡过程仿真模型,仿真结果表明该建模方法能很好地模拟自动变速器换挡过程中离合器的动态行为,并通过仿真分析了其对换挡品质的影响。