离心泵叶轮轴面流线分点的数学方法

在离心泵的水力设计中，传统的叶轮轴面流线的分点方法，由于重复取值，反复对比，累积误差大，并造成轴面流线分点的速度低、精度差。为了提高叶轮水力设计过程中轴面流线分点的效率及准确性，文章通过几何分析的数学方法，对常见的轴面流线分点过程进行数学描述，并最终形成可供微机编程的计算公式。     

基于样条曲线的水泵叶片流线控制方法

针对传统的水泵CAD软件在绘制和调控展开流线时很大程度上依靠经验的判断,提出了用单段和多段三次样条曲线来模拟展开流线,以及约束调控样条曲线的数学模型。对多段三次样条曲线模拟展开流线给出了非常具体的绘图及调控方法,具有较强的工程实用价值。     

冬油菜在西北旱寒区的适应性和北移的可行性研究

 【目的】对不同冬油菜类型和品种在西北旱寒区的越冬抗寒性、适应性进行分析比较，研究冬油菜北移的可行性。【方法】在张掖、酒泉等不同生态条件下，对55份不同类型和来源的冬油菜品种（系）的抗寒性、经济性状、生育期、含油率、产量表现等进行了研究分析。【结果】在西北旱寒区海拔1 477～2 300 m、极端最低气温-22.7～-31.6℃、年平均气温5.9～8.7℃、年平均降水量92.0～630 mm、无霜期150～172 d的地区，甘蓝型和白菜型两种类型的冬油菜，仅白菜型冬油菜能够越冬，越冬率最高达到100.00%，生长发育正常，且表现出良好的适应性和农艺性状，生育期275～295 d，含油率40.84%～44.15%，产量1 500.0～4 400.3 kg•ha-1。不同白菜型冬油菜品种（系）抗寒性和适应性存在巨大差异，越冬率0～100%。根据越冬率与抗寒性，可将参试白菜型冬油菜品种（系）划分为超强抗寒性、强抗寒性、抗寒性和弱抗寒性品种（系）4种类型。在乌稍岭以东地区，一般抗寒品种（系）均能越冬，但在河西走廊，只有超强抗寒性品种（系）和强抗寒性品种（系）才能越冬，【结论】在西北旱寒区，发展白菜型冬油菜生产是可行的，从而使冬油菜栽培种植北界向北向西延伸1 000多公里，海拔由1 000 m提高到2 300 m左右，纬度由35°30′提高到39°46′。冬油菜北移进入中国西北旱寒区种植能够有效地增加该区冬春季植被覆盖度，同时为该区发展一年二熟耕作制创造了条件，具有显著的经济效益和生态效益，对促进北方寒区冬油菜生产和农业的可持续发展、生态环境建设具有十分重要的意义。     

悬板分层水流流动特性的测试研究

随着悬板分层式引水枢纽工程近年逐步被推广应用，对其水流特性及输沙机理的研究也越来越受到人们的重视。本研究利用激光测速仪首次对悬板分层水流流场特性进行了测试，并分析了其对输沙过程的影响     

医院建筑设计略谈

医院建筑作为建筑的一种类型,有着它自身的特点和难点,作者通过工作中的实际经验,着重阐述对医院设计中存在的问题,并提出自己的见解。     

First decadal response to treatment in a disturbance-based silviculture experiment in Maine

Disturbance-based silvicultural systems generally seek to promote complex stand structures that are consistent with temporal and spatial patterns of natural disturbance while allowing for the sustainable harvest of timber. Gap-based harvesting systems are commonly used within this framework because they can be designed to approximate the frequencies and spatial patterns of a wide array of disturbance regimes. Patterns in stand-level growth, sapling recruitment and regeneration response were examined for one such gap-based system, the Acadian Forest Ecosystem Research Program (AFERP) in central Maine, that was designed to emulate the annual 1% disturbance frequency typical of the northeastern United States and Canada. A decade after treatment, stand-level differences in basal area growth and density between two gap-based treatments and an unharvested control were not statistically significant, largely due to low replication, but within-stand growth and regeneration responses differed strongly by spatial position relative to harvest gaps. Regeneration of shade-tolerant and intolerant species increased regardless of gap size, likely a response to increasing light availability from canopy openings due to harvesting and mortality. Further, there was evidence of gap size effects on sapling recruitment as large gaps (>1000 m²) favored the growth and survival of mid-successional species such as red maple and white pine, while small gaps (<1000 m²) favored late-succession species such as eastern hemlock and spruce. Overstory growth rates also differed by both species and position relative to harvest gaps with most species growing best in gaps and better along gap edges than in adjacent forest. Notably, overstory growth rates for white pine were not influenced by spatial position. These results suggest harvest gaps may have significant growth and regeneration impacts in adjacent, yet unharvested areas, which could lead to profound differences in forest development over the rotation. Obviously, longer-term studies of gap-based systems are needed to more clearly elucidate these responses.     

宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程固海扩灌区水土保持监测与技术研究

将宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程固海扩灌区划分为5个责任分区,运用水蚀径流场和风蚀小区等方法对该区进行水土保持监测研究,结果表明:监测期间固海扩灌区累计营造水土保持林草总面积为409.5 hm2,林草成活率达87%以上,区域小气候得到了明显改善;扬沙日数减少至5.9 d,沙暴日数减少至0.5 d,相对湿度提高到47.2%,年蒸发量降低到1 835 mm,项目区水土流失面积减少了37 862.90 hm2;项目区水土保持防治均达到了2级以上防治目标,扰动土地整治率为98.2%,水土流失总治理度为90%,土壤流失控制比为1.45,拦渣率为95%,林草植被恢复率为98%,林草覆盖率为15.09%。     

不同膨胀温度对卷烟主流烟气7种Hoffmann成分释放量的影响

[目的]研究膨胀温度对卷烟主流烟气中7种Hoffmann成分(CO、NNK、NH3、HCN、BaP、巴豆醛、苯酚)释放量的影响。[方法]采用不同膨胀温度处理后的烟丝卷制卷烟,测定其烟气中7种Hoffmann成分的释放量。[结果]同一膨胀模式下,温度变化对NH3、苯酚和BAP的释放量有一定影响,对CO、NNK、HCN和巴豆醛则无显著影响;CO2膨胀方式下7种Hoffmann成分的释放量较小;降低膨胀温度在一定程度有利于降低卷烟危害性指数。[结论]该研究为低危害卷烟工艺设计参数的优化选择提供了依据。     

Researching the effect of industrial workshop’s different aspect ratio on indoor temperature distribution

Taking the effect of industrial workshop’s aspect ratio on indoor temperature distribution as research object,using finite volume numerical method to dispersed solving for mass conservation equation and energy conservation equation.This paper research distribution of streamline and isotherm and variation of Nu in industrial workshop of different aspect ratio with Ra among 10 3~10 6.The results of analysis indicate that when increasing Ra,heat transmission form turns heat conduction into convection heat transfer,the isotherms change from vertical to horizontal gradually.The indoor streamlines form two vortexes around the model boundary,the vortexes are broken up with Ra.It’s separated into two vortexes when B=0.5 or B=1.And it’s separated into three vortexes when B=3 or B=2 with slight turbulent state. Nu increases with the increase of Ra and the related curve presents power exponent.when B=3 Nu is the largest and indicate that the total quantity of heat transfer at most by high temperature wall face cold wall.     

野生蔬菜—地笋根状茎膨大动态及其数学模型的研究

在地笋根状茎膨大期间,对地笋根状茎的鲜质量、干质量、茎粗(最大直径)、茎长、体积、节数、节间长以及库活性等进行测定,并对膨大的主要指标构建数学模型,推断其生长规律。研究结果表明,在地笋根状茎膨大过程中,鲜质量和干质量的增加速率均表现为慢—快—慢,呈"S"形曲线,鲜质量与干质量呈极显著正相关;茎粗(最大直径)表现为前期迅速增加,后期缓慢增加,茎长表现为先缓慢增加后迅速增加接着又缓慢增加,膨大早期以增粗为主,膨大后期以增长为主;地笋根状茎的体积变化表现为前期缓慢增加,后期迅速增加,生长速率快速增加的初始时间较鲜质量快速增加的初始时间晚15d,说明地笋根状茎的膨大早期以质量增加为主,后期以体积增加为主;地笋根状茎节数随膨大时间的延长持续增加,增加速率为慢—快—慢,平均节间长则表现为持续变短;地笋根状茎的库活性在膨大前期迅速增强,维持一段时间度后呈现下降趋势。对地笋的鲜质量、干质量、根状茎长、根状茎粗、体积进行回归建模,均拟合良好,运行数学模型,得出的变化规律与实际测量值的变化规律基本吻合。