基于计算机视觉的雾滴尺寸检测系统的研究

雾滴的尺寸参数是评价植保机械性能的最主要质量指标。本文将计算机视觉技术和灰色系统理论运用于雾滴尺寸参数检测中。建立雾滴尺寸参数自动检测和优化系统。     

Survey of large circular and octagonal tanks operated at Norwegian commercial smolt and post-smolt sites

A survey was conducted to determine the geometry, operating parameters, and other key features of large circular or octagonal culture tanks used to produce Atlantic salmon smolt and post-smolt at six major Norwegian Atlantic salmon production companies. A total of 55 large tanks were reported at seven land-based hatchery locations, i.e., averaging 7.9 (range of 4–12) large tanks per land-based site. In addition, one 21,000 m³ floating fiberglass tank in sea was reported. Culture volume ranged from 500 to 1300 m³ for each land-based tank. Most tanks were circular, but one site used octagonal tanks. Land-based tank diameters ranged from 14.5 to 20 m diameter, whereas the floating tank was 40 m diameter. Maximum tank depths ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 m at land-based facilities, which produced diameter-to-average-depth ratios of 3.6:1 to 5.5:1 m:m. The floating tank was much deeper at 20 m, with a diameter-to-average-depth ratio of only 2.4:1 m:m. All land-based tanks had floors sloping at 4.0–6.5% toward the tank center and various pipe configurations that penetrated the culture tank water volume at tank center. These pipes and sloping floors were used to reduce labor when removing dead fish and harvesting fish.Maximum flow ranged from 3 to 19 m³/min per land-based tank, with 400 m³/min at the floating tank, but tank flow was adjustable at most facilities. Land-based tanks were flushed at a mean hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 35–170 min. Maximum feed load on each land-based tank ranged from 525 to 850 kg/day, but the floating tank reached 3700 kg/day. Almost half of the large tanks reported in this survey were installed or renovated since 2013, including the three tank systems with the highest flow rate per tank (greater than 17.6 m³/min). These more recent tanks were operated at more rapid tank HRT’s, i.e., from 34.8 to 52.5 min, than the 67–170 min HRT typical of the large tanks built before 2013. In addition, flow per unit of feed load in land-based tanks that began operating before 2010 were lower (19–30 m³ flow/kg feed) than in tanks that began operating later (33–40 m³ flow/kg feed). In comparison, the floating tank operates at a maximum daily tank flow to feed load of 160 m³ flow/kg feed, which is the least intensive of all tanks surveyed. Survey results suggest that the recently built tanks have been designed to operate at a reduced metabolic loading per unit of flow, a tendency that would improve water quality throughout the culture tank, all else equal. This trend is possible due to the ever increasing application of water recirculating systems.     

基于AUTOCAD软件的绘图标注样式设置

AutoCAD是一个通用的绘图系统,系统功能的设计上考虑了各类图样的需求,文章介绍了标注机械图样时涉及到的制图国家标准,给出了AutoCAD2007各部分标注参数的设置和功能的调整方法.     

基于数字图像的水果分形维数特征

为了定量描述仿球形水果表面轮廓间的差异,用周长-面积法研究水果的分形维数特征.取大小不同的温州蜜柑20个、麻阳冰糖橙17个和红富士苹果18个,设置3种水果花萼面和侧面2个方向上数字图像红色或蓝色分量阈值,将水果区域内外的红色、绿色、蓝色分量分别置为0和1,得到水果二值图像.以水果区域细化后的边界像素数和区域内像素数分别作为水果的周长和面积,以周长-面积法求得3类水果2个方向的分形维数.结果表明,3种水果花萼面的分形维数均比其侧面的分形维数小,花萼面分形维数间差异不明显,但侧面分形维数差异明显,表明仿球形水果的外形特征可用花萼面分形维数和侧面分形维数反映,但主要指标是侧面分形维数.     

基于分形理论的坡面土壤侵蚀过程的情景模拟

针对现有的坡面侵蚀预报模型在提取地形地貌特征因子中的局限性,选取坡面在次降雨条件下随时间变化的过程,可视化的模拟了坡面的原始地貌.以计算机图形学的分形布朗运动为理论,采用随机中点位移法构造坡面地形,并在此基础上以黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面水分入渗和产流产沙的模型和试验结论为依据,提出了模拟坡面侵蚀过程的三层映射法:将土壤、降雨、植被的属性映射到坡面地形的三维空间,形成土壤层、水流层、植被层,通过图形处理的空闲回调渲染水沙运移路径随降雨过程及不同植被覆盖下的变化场景.结果表明,该方法能以分形维数真实的刻画坡面的地貌形态,以图形学和可视化技术验证侵蚀模型的正确性,在降雨-径流-产沙的研究中能够将科学计算与情景模拟有机的结合.     

顶苗新(甲霜灵·种菌唑)4.23%微乳剂处理种子、防治玉米丝黑穗病的效果研究

连续两年的田间试验结果表明,甲霜灵·种菌唑4.23%微乳剂处理玉米种子对玉米丝黑穗病有较好的防治效果,防效达80%以上;试验药剂可促进玉米出苗0.56%～19.26%,提高玉米产量10%以上。     

基于参数化技术的齿轮油泵虚拟设计系统研究

为了改进传统齿轮油泵设计方法的不足,综合建模软件SolidW orks和编程软件VB来开发齿轮油泵的虚拟设计系统;分析齿轮油泵虚拟设计系统中所涉及的产品模块化、尺寸分析、标准件库等关键技术;开发出了具体的齿轮油泵参数化虚拟设计系统,工程实用性强。     

关于工艺尺寸式的研究

介绍了工艺尺寸式原理及其建立方法。在研究各种尺寸数量之间的关系之后提出工艺尺寸式组概念，通过实例由工艺尺寸式组合理地确定出全部工序尺寸及公差．为计算机辅助工序尺寸计算提供了理论依据。     

Application of the ASVCP guidelines for the establishment of haematologic and biochemical reference intervals in Icelandic horses in Austria

Background

Despite the increasing popularity of Icelandic horses, published reference intervals (RIs) in this breed are rare. Due to their isolation and their small gene pool, alterations in some variables are likely and some possible breed-specific peculiarities have been described. The purpose of the present study was the establishment of comprehensive RIs in Icelandic horses according to recently published guidelines.In a prospective observational study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 142 Icelandic horses into EDTA and serum tubes. Reference intervals were established for haematologic and biochemical analytes on the Advia 2120i™ and the Dimension ExL™ by established methods. RIs were defined as central 95 % intervals bounded by the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles with their 90 % confidence intervals, calculated according to recently published ASVCP guidelines. An inhouse-developed quality control system using observed total allowable error was used for the surveillance of the internal quality control preceding the measurements.

Results

The RIs were as follows: haematocrit: 0.29–0.39, RBC: 5.79–8.63 T/l, haemoglobin: 102.0–142.3 g/l, MCV: 42–51 fl, platelets: 146–263 G/l, WBC: 4.13–8.57 G/l, segs: 1.98–4.73 G/l, lymphocytes: 1.25–3.49 G/l, monocytes: 0.06–0.31 G/l, eosinophils: 0.04–0.50 G/l, glucose: 4.0–5.7 mmol/l, urea: 3.2–6.4 mmol/l, creatinine: 79.6–141.4 μmol/l, total protein: 54.4–72.9 g/l, albumin: 27.7–36.8 g/l, total bilirubin: 8.1–21.1 μmol/l, triglycerides: 0.03–0.44 mmol/l, cholesterol: 1.75–2.90 mmol/l, ALP: 1.35–3.55 μkat/l, AST: 4.52–8.80 μkat/l, GLDH: 0.0–0.18 μkat/l, GGT: 0.11–0.39 μkat/l, CK: 2.53–6.52 μkat/l, LDH: 3.32–7.95 μkat/l, iron: 16.4–39.9 μmol/l, calcium: 2.69–3.19 mmol/l, phosphate: 0.5–1.3 mmol/l, magnesium: 0.6–0.9 mmol/l, sodium: 134–141 mmol/l, potassium: 3.6–4.7 mmol/l, chloride: 100–105 mmol/l.

Conclusions

Reference intervals of several haematologic and biochemical analytes differed from the transferred historical reference intervals applied to equine samples in the authors’ laboratory. These might be of clinical importance in some analytes such as creatine kinase.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0120-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

国产落叶松规格材销槽承压试验研究

销槽承压强度对于确定螺栓连接的屈服承载力及其木结构连接设计具有重要意义。为了得到国产落叶松规格材的销槽屈服承载强度,并分析规格材的尺寸对销槽承载性能的影响,进行了销槽承压试验。结果表明,顺纹理时,国产落叶松规格材的销槽屈服承载强度随着密度增大呈增大趋势;当荷载方向与纹理方向平行时,规格材的屈服强度为39．93MPa,与理论值吻合;规格材长懂不影响销槽承压最大荷载和屈服荷载。