农作物固体废弃物致密成型燃料能量学对比分析

选取主要农作物固体废弃物为研究对象,综合考虑其热力学特性以及成型设备工程技术参数,对农作物的固体废弃物致密成型燃料与煤的能量学进行了比较研究。结果表明,对于秸秆类的固体废弃物致密成型燃料,由于其生产耗能高,仅当煤从生产地到使用地之间的输送距离超过4 000 km时,此类固体废弃物致密成型燃料与煤具有近似同等的能量竞争力;而对于果壳类的固体废弃物致密成型燃料,其生产耗能较低,临界输送距离较短。当煤从生产地到使用地之间的输送距离超过2200 km时,基于果壳类的固体废弃物致密成型燃料比煤更有能量优势;当煤从生产地到使用地之间的输送距离处于1500～2200 km时,基于果壳类的固体废弃物致密成型燃料与煤具有近似同等的能量竞争力;当煤从生产地到使用地之间的输送距离小于1000 km时,则基于果壳类的固体废弃物致密成型燃料失去了能量优势。     

Si3N4/TiCnano制备中Y2O3-Al2O3的影响机理研究

采用Y2O3-Al2O3复合烧结助剂制备Si3N4／TiCnano复合陶瓷材料,研究了Y2O3与Al2O3的配比、烧结助剂体积分数对纳米复合陶瓷材料力学性能、致密化进程和显微结构的影响,并利用SEM等手段对其影响机理作了探讨。研究结果表明：烧结助剂的配比、体积分数影响到烧结体中液相的量和粘度等,并进一步影响到材料的致密化进程和显微组织,材料致密化程度的提高和显微结构的改善是其力学性能提高的根本原因。     

Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin III: effects of sodium chlorite treatment

To obtain high-strength phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressing pressure, we investigated the effects of sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) treatment on wood prior to low molecular weight PF resin impregnation. Sawn veneers of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were treated with 2% aqueous NaClO₂ solution at 45°C for 12 h to remove lignin, and the process was repeated up to four times, resulting in weight loss of 21%. NaClO₂ treatment has shown considerable potential for high compression of PF resin-impregnated wood at low pressing pressure, especially after adding moisture to a content of 10%–11%. This deformation is further enhanced during pressure holding by creep deformation. The density, Young’s modulus, and bending strength of PF resin-impregnated veneer laminated composites that were treated with NaClO₂ four times and compressed at 1 MPa, reached 1.15 g/cm³, 27 GPa, and 280 MPa, respectively. The values in untreated PF resin-impregnated wood reached 0.8 g/cm³, 16 GPa, and 165 MPa, respectively.     

Performance of three-layer composites with densified surface layers of Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica from Southern Patagonian forests

Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica forests of Southern Patagonia, Argentina are currently being managed for production of saw logs with fast growing conditions. The result of these management strategies is faster growing forests, but also an increase in the percentage of low-density wood. The motivation for this study was to find a way to valorise this low-density wood. Surface and bulk densification treatments were applied these wood species and were then applied as face layers in three-layer composites. The mechanical properties of three-layer composites were studied. The modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and modulus of hardness were improved compared to many types of structural composite lumber. This increase in mechanical properties of N. pumilio and N. antarctica wood opens the possibility for its use in structural composites and added value to these otherwise underutilised and undervalued species.     

Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin I: effects of pressing pressure and pressure holding

The deformation behavior of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated wood under compression in the radial direction was investigated for obtaining high-strength wood at low pressing pressures. Flat-sawn grain Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) blocks with a density of 0.34g/cm³ were treated with aqueous solution of 20% low molecular weight PF resin resulting in weight gain of 60.8%. Oven-dried specimens were compressed using hot plates fixed to a testing machine. The temperature was 150°C and the pressing speed was 5mm/min. The impregnation of PF resin caused significant softening of the cell walls resulting in collapse at low pressures. The cell wall collapse was strain-dependent and occurred at a strain of 0.05–0.06mm/mm regardless of whether the wood was treated with PF resin. Thus, pressure holding causing creep deformation of the cell walls was also effective in initiating cell wall collapse at low pressure. Utilizing a combination of low molecular weight PF resin impregnation and pressure holding at 2MPa resulted in a density increase of PF resin-treated wood from 0.45 to 1.1g/cm³. At the same time, the Youngs modulus and bending strength increased from 10GPa to 22GPa and 80MPa to 250MPa, respectively. It can be concluded that effective utilization of the collapse region of the cell wall is a desirable method for obtaining high-strength PF resin-impregnated wood at low pressing pressures.     

竹束单板层积材预压密实化工艺及性能研究

初步探索了热压法和冷压法两种竹束单板层积材预压密实化制备工艺,研究了密实化温度、时间和组坯方式对板材力学性能和尺寸稳定性能的影响.结果表明:随着密实化温度的增加,用新工艺制备的BLVL的静曲强度、弹性模量、剪切强度和尺寸稳定均呈下降趋势,自密实化温度120℃开始对新工艺制备的BLVL的力学性能和尺寸稳定性能影响较大;10min密实化板材的各项性能较15min要高;冷压法密实化板材各项性能较热压法要略低,但冷压法操作相对简便易行、生产效率高、能耗小;采用热压法工艺90℃、10min下制备的BLVL各项性能指标最优.     

玉米秸秆成型块微观结构研究

影响玉米秸秆固化成型的工艺因素包括成型压力、温度及含水率等,成型块的微观结构对其宏观性能具有重要意义。利用电子立体显微镜观察玉米秸秆固化成型后的颗粒物料之间的结合方式和显微形貌,从微观角度研究成型工艺参数与成型块微观结构的关系。结果表明,玉米秸秆成型块颗粒之间主要以机械镶嵌、天然粘结剂粘结的形式结合。在成型压力60~90MPa,物料温度75~100℃,含水率8%~16%的成型条件下,制得的玉米秸秆成型块内部颗粒结合紧密,机械镶嵌作用明显,对应得到的成型块物理品质和力学性能较好。