高效脱色菌的特性及其在染化废水厌氧处理中的生物强化作用

从活性污泥等微生物源中分离、筛选获得10株高效脱色菌，经鉴定其属于Pseudomonas,Bacillus，Xanthomonas，Erwinia，Alealigenes，Plesiomonas。对艳红染料生产废水脱色试验表明最适温度30℃，pH6.6～8.0，湿细胞浓度20～30!g*L-1;静置培养（兼氧）脱色率高于振荡培养；外加NADH、NADPH、易降解有机物和有机废水可强化脱色菌的脱色性能。为实现脱色菌的资源化应用，试验将PseudomonasD18,ErwiniaD17,AlcaligenesD19andPlesiomonasD124株脱色菌制成混合培养物和固定化细胞，分别投加于处理染化废水的厌氧反应器，结果发现在相同COD负荷、水力负荷条件下，投加固定化细胞的反应器，其脱色率可提高5!%～10!%，出水苯胺浓度提高40!%～65!%。电镜观察发现脱色菌在胶团内外持留、增殖。厌氧反应器性能的改善主要通过功能性微生物生物量和相关基因库量的增加而实现。     

电催化氧化处理蒽醌蓝模拟染料废水试验研究

研究了pH值、槽电压、电解时间与通电方式、电解质种类及浓度对酸性蒽醌蓝模拟染料废水的电催化氧化效果。处理酸性蒽醌蓝染料废水的最佳电催化氧化条件为槽电压10V、初始pH值为4、NaCl浓度2.0g/L;在此条件下连续电解50min,COD去除率和脱色率分别为53.6%和87.9%。研究表明脉冲电催化氧化可以明显提高能量效率和电流效率,降低处理成本。     

不同尺度下低山茶园土壤阳离子交换量空间变异性研究

 【目的】研究茶园土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）的空间变异性特征，可以为茶园生态建设以及茶园土壤肥力管理提供理论依据。【方法】本文利用地统计学方法探讨了两个取样尺度下四川蒙顶山茶园土壤CEC的空间变异性特征。【结果】（1）小尺度下，茶园土壤CEC具有强烈的空间相关性（C0/（C0+C）值为18.84%），相关距离高达1 818 m，结构性因子是影响其空间变异的主要因素；（2）微尺度下，茶园土壤CEC仍具有强烈的空间相关性（C0/（C0+C）值为16.52%），空间相关距离达311 m，结构性因子是影响其空间变异的主要因素。【结论】小尺度下土壤CEC在坡度方向变异明显，横坡方向变异最弱；普通Kriging插值分析表明其在东北至西南方向呈明显的条带状分布，并在垂直方向随海拔高度的上升而增加；微尺度下土壤CEC的变异方向与小尺度下不同，在接近坡度的方向空间变异明显，接近横坡方向变异最弱；土壤CEC沿横坡方向呈条带状分布并伴随部分斑块状分布，从坡面至上而下，呈先增加后减少再增加的趋势。     

外源镁对强酸性紫色土壤阳离子交换效应的研究

[目的]为研究外源镁对强酸性紫色土壤阳离子交换效应。[方法]选择重庆地区强酸性紫色土壤为对象,采用1：5的土水比,用10emol（＋）／LMgSO4溶液对土壤进行多次交换处理。[结果]在实验条件下,外源镁能快速取代土壤胶体上吸附的各种盐基离子,但对致酸离子（H＋、A1＋）则难以达到快速、完全取代,经5次交换后,盐基饱和度由46．6％上升至72．4％,土壤pH仅上升0．7个单位;Mg2＋与Ca＋、Na＋的交换分别可以用指数方程Y=14．998e-1．4849x（R2=0．9938）、二次方程Y=0．011 1x2-0．1005x＋0．233（R‘=0．986）进行很好地拟合;Mg“与K’的交换后期明显表现出有部分土壤次生黏土矿物层间固定的K’会被交换出来,导致被交换出的K’总量增加。[结论]在无酸碱中和的条件下,外源钱可以改变土壤胶体盐基离子的构成,但对于改良强酸性土壤并无实际意义,反之,过量的外源镁还可能造成土壤其他盐基离子的损失。     

天然绿色染料的开发研究

通过提取绿色植物叶绿素染色液， 对木材进行染色试验， 结果表明， 该染色液着染效果较好， 可以得到绿色调纹理的木制品． 初步确定了较适宜的染色工艺， 为木材染色开拓了新空间     

Cation exchange capacity of density fractions from paired conifer/grassland soils

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of a soil depends on the type and amount of both mineral and organic surfaces. Previous studies that have sought to determine the relative contribution of organic matter to total soil CEC have not addressed differences in soil organic matter (SOM) composition that could lead to differences in CEC. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the CEC of two distinct SOM pools, the “light fraction (LF)” composed of particulate plant, animal, and microbial debris, and the “heavy fraction (HF)” composed of mineral-bound organic matter; and (2) to examine the effects of differences in aboveground vegetation on CEC. Soil samples were collected from four paired grassland/conifer sites within a single forested area and density fractionated. LF CEC was higher in conifer soils than in grassland soils, but there was no evidence of an effect of vegetation on CEC for the HF or bulk soil. LF CEC (but not HF CEC) correlated well with the C concentration in the fraction. The mean CEC of both fractions (per kg fraction) exceeded that of the bulk soil; thus, when the LF and HF CEC were combined mathematically by weighting values for each fraction in proportion to dry mass, the resulting value was nearly twice the measured CEC of bulk soil. On a whole soil basis, the HF contributed on average 97% of the CEC of the whole soil, although this conclusion must be tempered given the inflation of CEC values by the density fractionation procedure.     

Volatilization losses of surface-applied urea nitrogen from Vertisols in the Indian semi-arid tropics

The N loss from Vertisols was estimated by measuring the loss of ¹⁵N-labelled urea N under conditions that promote NH₃ volatilization. Urea granules were placed on the top of 150-mm deep soil columns (Vertisols) collected from three sites with a range in pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. There were two contrasting moisture treatments, one near field capacity (wet) and another with intermittent wetting of the soil surface before allowing the columns to dry (moist-dry). The results indicated that losses were influenced markedly by pH and moisture treatment, being 29.5, 33.5, and 33% from the wet soils and 37, 42, and 40.5% from the moistdry soils with pH values of 7.7, 8.2, and 9.3, respectively. These observations clearly indicate that broadcasting of urea on the surface of Vertisols may cause substantial N losses.     

计算机配色技术在木材连缸染色中的应用研究

为了解决木材染色过程中染色废水的污染问题,实现木材连缸染色,该研究选用毛白杨单板为试材,使用6种酸性染料,通过真空加压的方法进行单拼色和多拼色的木材连缸染色实验.结果表明:利用计算机配色技术对木材进行连缸染色是可行的;在进行木材的单拼色染色时,染料是按照染液浓度的比例上染的,而多拼色染色时,各染料并不是按照染液中的比例上染的,反映出不同染料与木材的亲和能力和渗透能力之间的差异.      

有机质与粘粒复合对土壤阳离子交换量的贡献

对棕壤、黄棕壤、黄褐土和(土娄)土344个样品阳离子交换量(CEC)与有机质、粘粒用方程y(CEC)=b_0+b_1χ_1(粘粒％)+b_2χ_3(有机质％)+b_3χ_1χ_2进行回归分析表明,在粘粒与有机质数量比为3～16(平均为8左右接近有机质与粘粒CEC之比)时,有机粘粒复合显著影响土壤CEC,且复合消耗有机质与粘粒总交换点的数量分别为41.8％,26.7％,31.9％和19.8％。     

重庆市江津柑橘果园土壤pH与盐基饱和度的关系探讨

根据江津市柑橘果园土壤71个灰棕紫泥土样的分析资料,应用统计方法,探讨pH和盐基饱和度的关系。土壤pH与盐基饱和度呈y=8.4451x2+115.54x-305.28,R2=0.8541非线性正相关,且受占优势的交换性Ca2+制约。分析了盐基饱和度的可能的影响因素。