叶面喷施丰产素在黄瓜上的应用效果

本试验在黄瓜上叶面喷施丰州牌丰产素，其浓度分别为２０００倍、４０００倍和６０００倍。试验结果表明，３种浓度对黄瓜的生长势都有增强的作用，并对早期产量有较大的提高。其中２０００倍液对早期产量的增产幅度最大，比对照提高４２．８１％。并且对黄瓜的营养成份有不同程度的影响，其中６０００倍液对维生素ｃ和含糖量都有较大的提高，因此，对黄瓜品质的改进有较好的效果。     

悼念绿色革命之父布劳格博士

布劳格博士从事国际农业研究65年,主要贡献包括:(1)培育的矮秆高产小麦品种为解决世界粮食问题做出了杰出贡献,被誉为绿色革命之父,他不仅是CIMMYT的创始人,也是整个国际农业研究磋商组织的创始者;(2)创立了世界粮食奖;(3)开展了以推广玉米新品种为主要内容的非洲农业革命.     

横坡垄作下土壤湿润速率对褐土坡面侵蚀特征的影响

不同土壤湿润速率和侵蚀类型下团聚体破碎存在较大差异,进而诱发坡面侵蚀特征变化。横坡垄作特有的侵蚀过程可能改变土壤湿润速率对坡面侵蚀特征的影响效应。以褐土横垄为研究对象,基于室内模拟降雨试验,研究5个土壤湿润速率下(10、20、30、60、90 mm/h)不同侵蚀阶段的产流产沙和团聚体迁移规律。结果表明,细沟间阶段径流量随土壤湿润速率的增大而增加,而细沟阶段不同土壤湿润速率间的径流量无显著差异。2个阶段内,侵蚀量均随土壤湿润速率的增大而增加,与土壤湿润速率10 mm/h相比,20、30、60、90 mm/h速率下的侵蚀量分别显著增加25.16%~115.51%、95.02%~144.34%、151.03%~164.49%、249.42%~398.91%。细沟间阶段,土壤湿润速率的变化仅改变了产沙过程,而细沟阶段产流产沙过程均随土壤湿润速率发生了改变。主要迁移粒级-微团聚体流失所增加的细沟间和细沟侵蚀阶段分别主要来自2~5 mm和0.25~0.5 mm团聚体的破碎,而相应控制这2个粒级破碎的关键土壤湿润速率分别为20 mm/h和10 mm/h。不同阶段下迁移团聚体平均重量直径由大到小依次为细沟阶段、湿润处理后、细沟间阶段。     

超高产杂交稻产量性状研究

为了给水稻超高产育种和栽培提供理论依据，以15个具有超高产（单产超过汕优63）潜力的两系杂交稻组合和对照汕优63为试验材料，研究了超高产杂交稻产量构成因素、经济产量（单株粒重）、生物产量和经济系数等性状的相互关系。结果表明：1）比对照增产极显著的组合在生物产量和经济系数两方面均具有较大优势，个别组合在生物产量不变的情况下，依赖经济系数的提高也可比对照显著增产；2）超高产杂交稻产量的增加不是依赖单位面积上穗数的增加，而是必须在一定穗数的基础上大幅度增加每穗粒数以扩大库容，并保证源的有效供给以提高籽粒充实系数；3）每穗实粒数分别与经济系数、生物产量和单株粒重呈极显著或显著正相关，每穗实粒数、生物产量和经济系数的同步增加正是超高产育种的目标。     

科技先行,探索创新,促进海南红毛丹产业发展

简介保亭红毛丹产业发展情况,分析红毛丹产业发展的制约因素,提出促进红毛丹产业发展的思路及今后工作的打算。     

Excessive nitrogen application decreases grain yield and increases nitrogen loss in a wheat–soil system

Abstract

Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO₃-N concentrations in groundwater and reduced N use efficiency. Three-year field and ¹⁵N tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates on N uptake from basal and topdressing ¹⁵N, N use efficiency, and grain yield in winter wheat plants; and determine the dynamics of N derived from both basal and topdressing ¹⁵N in soil in high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5–84.5% of N accumulated in wheat plants derived from soil, while 6.0–12.5%and 9.2–18.1% derived from basal ¹⁵N and top ¹⁵N fertilizer, respectively. The basal N fertilizer recovery averaged 33.9% in plants, residual averaged 59.2% in 0–200 cm depth soil; the topdressing N fertilizer recovery averaged 50.5% in plants, residual averaged 48.2% in 0–200 cm soil. More top ¹⁵N was accumulated in plants and more remained in 0–100 cm soil rather than in 100–200 cm soil at maturity, compared with the basal ¹⁵N. However, during the period from pre-sowing to pre-wintering, the soil nitrate moved down to deeper layers, and most accumulated in the layers below 140 cm. With an increase of N fertilizer rate, the proportion of the N derived from soil in plants decreased, but that derived from basal and topdressing fertilizer increased; the proportion of basal and top ¹⁵N recovery in plants decreased, and that of residual in soil increased. A moderate application rate of 96–168 kg N ha^?1 led to increases in nitrate content in 0–60 cm soil layer, N uptake amount, grain yield and apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N in wheat. Applying above 240 kg N ha^?1 promoted the downward movement of basal and top ¹⁵N and soil nitrate, but had no significant effect on N uptake amount; the excessive N application also obviously decreased the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N, physiological efficiency and internal N use efficiency. It is suggested that the appropriate application rate of nitrogen on a high-yielding wheat field was 96–168 kg N ha^?1.     

大棚畦床栽培蘑菇高产的实践与体会

根据一定规模的实践，研究总结出一套成功的大棚畦床栽培蘑茹高产高效技术，具体介绍了大棚构建、畦床制作、堆料配制、适宜播期、优良品种、营养液、相对湿度、棚温和料温管理等的操作关键。文中还就适宜播期、种植方式、保湿越冬和适时补充营养液等关键技术进行了讨论。     

冬小麦亩产700kg土壤肥力与群体发展动态指标的研究

通过对亩产700kg超高产麦田连续多年多点跟踪调查分析研究,得出了在青岛市气象和生产条件下,实现亩产700kg超高产栽培的土壤肥力指标为有机质1.4%以上,碱解氮90mg/kg以上,速效磷35mg/kg以上,速效钾100mg/kg以上;施肥指标为有机肥3000kg/667m2,纯N 20kg/667m2,P2O510kg/667m2,K2O 10kg/667m2左右。产量构成因素指标为穗数54.2万/667m2,穗粒数35.7粒,千粒重43g;群体动态指标为基本苗13.8×104/667m2,冬前总茎数75.1×104/667m2,春季最大分蘖107.5×104/667m2左右。     

泰丰优2098种植表现及高产栽培技术

2012年德化县引进泰丰优2098作中稻试种,2013年进行较大面积示范推广,表现出米质优、产量高、适应性广、抗性较强等特点.该文总结其作中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术.     

泗棉3号的超高产栽培调控技术研究

本文围绕泗棉３号研究了因种高产栽培的调控技术。所获主要结果如下：泗棉３号在超高产水平下以较低的群体起点，配以科学的肥料运筹，能够调节棉株生理机能，改善叶层与叶角分布，增加光合能力，积累更多的干物质并以较大的比例分配到生殖器官中去，增加成铃数量。