青藏高原西部狮泉河宽谷区的荒漠化过程

狮泉河宽谷区的荒漠化过程以整个青藏高原的环境演化为背景，受人为的资源利用不合理而强化。今天的宽谷景观一方面隐含了高原宽谷的变化，一方面显示出干旱，退化的主导特征，较之西北干旱区，生态系统更具脆弱性，荒漠化的治理应在发挥区内水资源优质的同时强调生态系统自身的稳定。     

国内鹌鹑资源及其养殖现状和发展前景

介绍了关于野生鹌鹑遗传资源的种类、分布、迁徙规律以及被驯化后一些生活习性的改变和养殖现状,提出了我国在今后养殖鹌鹑产业中的机遇和挑战.     

小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机设计与试验

根据井灌区小麦的种植特点,设计一种新型的小麦高低畦宽苗带播种机,集造畦、施肥、播种、镇压于一体,实现小麦高低畦宽苗带种植,解决传统小麦小畦种植模式土地利用率低、光热损失大、小麦群体不足等问题.设计浮动式播种单体,提升播幅内播深一致性;设计错位组合式双圆盘开沟器组,实现小麦宽苗带播种,苗带宽度达到9 cm以上;设计“凸”...     

推迟灌拔节水条件下种植模式对冬小麦抗倒伏特性和产量的影响

华北平原冬小麦在粮食生产中占据重要地位,受到灌溉用水短缺影响以及生育后期易倒伏减产的制约,冬小麦供需矛盾日益突出。该研究探究了推迟灌拔节水条件下不同种植模式对冬小麦抗倒伏特性的影响,设置宽幅精播（W）与常规种植（C）2种种植模式,每种种植模式设置灌拔节水60 mm（I1）和推迟10 d灌拔节水60 mm（I2）2种灌溉处理,研究冬小麦关键生育期茎秆物理指标,倒数第2节间茎杆力学、抗倒伏指数、蠕变变形量、产量及其组成等指标,探究冬小麦抗倒伏特性综合调优的种植模式和灌溉制度。结果表明,宽幅精播模式下推迟灌拔节水对抽穗期倒数第2节间茎杆抗折力有显著提升的趋势,显著提高了抗弯刚度,显著降低了蜡熟期倒数第2节间茎杆抗折力和抗弯刚度,以及植株蜡熟期鲜质量;宽幅精播模式下推迟灌拔节水显著提高了抽穗期抗倒伏指数,并提升了灌浆期抗倒伏指数,该处理在抽穗期、灌浆期和蜡熟期的抗倒伏指数平均值分别为2.03、1.58和1.87 N/(m·g)。冬小麦倒数第2节间茎杆在施加小于其极限抗折力的不同比例荷载时具有蠕变特性,宽幅精播模式下推迟灌拔节水茎杆蠕变极值平均值在抽穗期最大,灌浆期表现仍然较好,均由减速蠕变过渡到稳定蠕变阶段,蠕变极值范围介于0.6%～3.7%,蠕变极值平均值介于0.7%～2.5%。综合考虑抗倒伏指数和蠕变试验结果,冬小麦在宽幅精播模式下结合推迟10 d灌拔节水处理的抗倒伏特性最优。研究结果可为华北平原冬小麦节水高产提供理论依据和技术支持。     

利用广亲和基因S5-n的功能标记鉴定特殊配组类型杂交种纯度研究

"粳不育系/广亲和恢复系"配组方式在浙江省得到了越来越多的应用。广亲和基因S5-n的功能标记可快速检测种子纯度。为验证水稻广亲和基因S5-n功能标记鉴定粳不育系/广亲和恢复系配组方式杂种一代的效果,我们分别将长粳1A和6个恢复系获得的F₁代进行大田统计和分子标记鉴定,结果显示,由于广亲和基因S5-n分子标记不能特异性检测出串粉形成的异形株,导致其鉴定结果较大田统计鉴定结果高1.0～2.0百分点。未来还需要进一步优化广亲和基因分子标记技术的特异性,进而提高分子检测的准确性,这将有助于杂交稻的安全生产。     

Controlling Techniques of Channel Sharing in HFC Network

The techniques of sharing a channel in HFC are original with regard to those of Ethernet and Ring. In this paper, the analysis is stressed on the method of the upstream bandwidth allocation, the collision resolving, and the relationship among them, beginning with MAP management message. The MAP is a complex frame, in which the messages of ranging opportunity needed by the CM at the access beginning, bandwidth allocation contention, bandwidth allocation and collision detection are included. The access way for a user is explained after the frame format and functions of a MAP are illustrated. Finally, upstream bandwidth allocation, the cause of collision, algorithm and the process to solve the collision and so on are studied.     

斑茅F1杂交可育亲本选择及其回交后代鉴定和主要经济性状

选用8个Badila(甘蔗热带种)与斑茅属间杂交F1品系与9个甘蔗栽培品种配制了24个回交组合，其中6个F1品系的13个组合杂交可育，共获346株BC1实生苗．经同工酶分析，其中320个株系具有斑茅的特征酶带，为斑茅的真实后代。在杂交可育性和BC1后代主要经济性状方面，斑茅F1品系间和杂交组合问均存在显著差异。斑茅BC1后代的产量性状和糖分仍与甘蔗栽培品种有较大差距，但各性状的最大值已与栽培品种的相当。初步研究结果表明，YC96—40和YC95—41是较好的斑茅F1亲本材料。     

宁波地区野生换锦花遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为了解宁波地区野生换锦花的生存状况及对目前环境的适应能力,本研究采用ISSR分子标记对6个野生居群的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构进行分析。结果表明,10条ISSR引物共扩增出74个条带,其中多态性条带67个,多态性位点百分比(PPL)为90.54%。宁波地区野生换锦花在物种水平上的遗传多样性较高,PPL为90.54%,Nei’s基因多样性(He)为0.2700,Shannon’s指数(Ho)为0.4144;但在居群水平上遗传多样性较低,PPL平均值为76.35%,He平均值为0.2517,Ho平均值为0.3800。基因分化系数(Gst)为0.0679,基因流(Nm)为6.8654。AMOVA分子变异分析结果表明,在总的遗传变异中,有95.85%的变异发生在居群内,仅有4.15%的变异发生在居群间。UPGMA聚类结果显示6个居群间的亲缘关系较近,其可分为两大类群,其中北仑、慈溪和象山3个居群组成一类;奉化、镇海和舟山3个居群组成一类。Mantel检验的结果表明,居群间的地理距离和遗传距离之间无显著相关性。本研究结果为宁波地区野生换锦花种质资源的保护及合理开发利用提供了理论依据。     

小麦主要性状的遗传模型分析

选用８个小麦品种采用双列杂交方法组配了２８个杂交组合,对其主要性状进行了遗传研究,结果表明：单株粒重和穗数符合加快模型;千粒重,穗粒数,结实小穗数,穗长符合加性－显性模型,株高,颈长符合加性－显性－上位性模型。     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.