RPLC法测定饲料添加剂中的B族维生素

本文提出了利用反相离子对色谱法,简单,快速,准确同时定量测定饲料添加剂中的烟酸,烟酰胺,盐酸吡哆辛,氰钴胺素,核黄素和硫胺素。样品前处理简单,六个维生素能在12min内获得满意的分离,各组份之间的分离度Rs大于1.60。各个维生素的回收率在87.0～101.0％,相对偏差为3.1～2.0％。色谱柱为LichrosorbRP-18 250×φ5mm,流动相为甲醇/水,0.25％TEA,1.25mmol/l PICB-5,3.75mmol/l PICB-7,pH3.00,紫外可变波长检测器采用MAXPL操作方式λ 1=254nm,λ_2=280nm,λ_3=354nm,流速1.1 nl/min。     

Nutritional significance of amino acids,vitamins and minerals as nutraceuticals in poultry production and health – a comprehensive review

Nutraceuticals have gained immense importance in poultry science recently considering the nutritional and beneficial health effects of their constituents. Besides providing nutritional requirements to birds, nutraceuticals have beneficial pharmacological effects, for example, they help in establishing normal physiological health status, prevent diseases and thereby improve production performance. Nutraceuticals include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, etc. which are important for preventing oxidative stress, regulating the immune response and maintaining normal physiological, biochemical and homeostatic mechanisms. Nutraceuticals help in supplying nutrients in balanced amounts for supporting the optimal growth performance in modern poultry flocks, and as a dietary supplement can reduce the use of antibiotics. The application of antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microbes and drug residues; therefore, they have been restricted in many countries. Thus, there is a demand for natural feed additives that lead to the same growth enhancement without affecting the health. Nutraceuticals substances have an essential role in the development of the animals’ normal physiological functions and in protecting them against infectious diseases. In this review, the uses of amino acids, vitamins and minerals as well as their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of immune system are discussed.     

小麦籽粒B族维生素含量及其与籽粒色素的相关分析研究

小麦籽粒含有多种B族维生素,本研究通过测定24个不同粒色的小麦品种中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6及籽粒色素含量,并研究不同颜色的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量与小麦籽粒颜色的关系及其变异规律,为B族维生素的利用及小麦品质育种提供依据。应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,采用大气压电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,多反应检测（MRM）模式精确测定小麦籽粒中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6,分光光度法测定小麦籽粒色素含量。黑小麦76和VICTO杂交后代F8代12个姊妹系B族维生素含量变化很大,12个姊妹系间维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达极显著水平。冬鉴系列的10个小麦品种（系）维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达显著水平。相关分析表明,籽粒色素含量与B族维生素含量不存在显著正相关,籽粒颜色深小麦并不一定富含B族维生素。小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量受基因型的影响, 可以通过遗传改良的手段提高B族维生素在小麦籽粒中的含量。黑小麦76（母本）和VICTO（父本）杂交产生的F8代12个姊妹系的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量存在着明显的超高亲杂种优势,因此,可通过有性杂交,培育高B族维生素含量的小麦品种。     

Alteration in important quality traits and antioxidant activities in Brassica oleracea with Ogura cybrid cytoplasm

In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm‐based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5–10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β‐carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13‐85‐2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits.     

不同产地独蒜兰中维生素含量的评价

为了探明不同产地独蒜兰维生素的累积状况,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对11个不同产地独蒜兰样品中的脂溶性和水溶性维生素的含量进行测定.结果表明:HPLC法能够有效测定独蒜兰的维生素;样品中VB6和VE的含量较为丰富,分别为115.8～857.2mg/100 g和13.4～185.7mg/100 g;独蒜兰中维生素的含量与其形状及大小没有直接的相关性,而不同产地来源的独蒜兰,其维生素的含量差异显著.     

糙米茶的保健功效及其制作

糙米是一种天然保健食品,由其制备的糙米茶和发芽糙米茶营养丰富,具有促进血液通畅、大便通畅、小便通畅、美容、减肥和防癌的作用。文章简述了糙米茶与发芽糙米茶的功效与制作方法,以期为今后开展糙米茶相关研究提供参考。     

Possible applications of modern fish larviculture technology to ornamental fish production

There has been rapid development in the marine foodfishlarviculture technology in Europe since the early eighties,especially in the flat fish, turbot and halibut, and the bass andbream species. The most significant improvements in the eightieswere the introduction of light control, artificial reproductiontechniques, appropriate water treatment and the use of rotifersand Artemia nauplii of specific sizes and in the late eightiesand early nineties the quality enhancement of live food organismsusing specific enrichment techniques. Present research is focusedon the implementation of several microbial techniques to improvethe hygiene of live prey and fish.Many of the modern larviculture techniques being used in marine foodfish could be adapted for application in the ornamental fish industry. For examples, research in the Onamental Fish Section, Primary Production Department, Singapore has demonstrated that the use of freshwater rotifers and Artemia nauplii would enable artificial rearing of Discus in the absence of the parent fish and improve the larval performance of Gouramis and Tetra larvae. The use of such small live food organisms is likely to facilitate breeding of new fish species with small larvae. Research has also indicated that the use of diets containing vitamin C and certain immuno-stimulants improved the stress resistance of guppy. Such techniques would have important application in the fish transport, an important aspect in the ornamental fish industry     

饲料维生素营养对鱼苗骨骼发育的影响

在人工繁殖鱼类幼苗时,常出现大量骨骼畸形的个体。这些鱼不仅生长速度慢,而且免疫力低,死亡率高,严重影响了水产养殖业的经济效益。综述了饲料维生素营养（A、D、E、K和C）对鱼类骨骼发育和病理学影响的研究进展,从而为幼鱼配合饲料生产性开发和水产养殖业的健康发展提供参考。     

Stability of crystalline and coated vitamins during manufacture and storage of fish feeds

The stability of two forms of vitamins, crystalline and fat-coated, during manufacturing processes and storage of fish feeds was investigated. After extrusion, vitamin recovery was generally lower than that found after pelleting. The recovery of coated forms after pelleting was higher than that of crystalline ones, especially for ascorbic acid, menadione, pyridoxine and folic acid. Coated forms were also found to be more resistant to extrusion than crystalline forms. No significant differences in vitamin losses during storage were found between pelleted and extruded feeds. However, losses of ascorbic acid, menadione and pyridoxine in both manufactured feeds were much greater in crystalline than in coated forms.     

热处理对乳制品加工品质的影响

热处理在保证乳制品质量安全的同时,也会对牛乳的营养品质产生明显的影响。介绍了乳制品加工中常见的热处理方式,重点综述和总结了近年来国内外在牛乳热处理过程中的乳清蛋白质变性、氨基酸变化、美拉德反应、维生素损失、脂肪破坏和乳糖水解等方面的研究结果。