苹果渣发酵料栽培糙皮侧耳优良菌株的选育

新选育的糙皮侧耳菌株PL -A2 属于早熟型品种。该菌株菌丝在 5～ 37℃温度范围内均能生长 ,菌丝生长适温为 18～ 30℃ ,最适温度为 2 5～ 2 8℃。在苹果渣发酵料培养基上 ,菌丝粗壮、整齐、洁白 ,爬壁能力强 ,满袋天数为 2 2d± 1d。经推广栽培证明 ,PL -A2 是高产优质菌株     

利用废菌糠提高覆土持水力和蘑菇产量的研究

本文利用平菇等食用菌的废菌糠 ,经适当无氧发酵等一系列处理后添加到普通泥土中 ,使其最大持水力提高至 5 1 3% ,单产提高 13 6 %     

Potato absorption and phytoavailability of Cd,Ni, Cu,Zn and Pb in sierozem soils amended with municipal sludge compost

Effects of sludge utilization on the mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil-plant systems have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the effects of municipal sludge compost(MSC) on the solubility and plant uptake of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in a soil-potato system to explore the mobility, potato plant uptake and enrichment of these five heavy metals in sierozem soils amended with MSC through a potato cultivation trial in Lanzhou University of China in 2014. Ridge regression analysis was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of heavy metals in amended soils. Furthermore, CaCl_2, CH_3 COONH_4, CH_3COOH, diethylene triamine pentacetic acid(DTPA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) were used to extract the labile fraction of heavy metals from the amended soils. The results show that the MSC could not only improve the fertility but also increase the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of sierozem soils. The total concentrations and labile fraction proportions of heavy metals increase with increasing MSC percentage in sierozem soils. In amended soils, Cd has the highest solubility and mobility while Ni has the lowest solubility and mobility among the five heavy metals. The MSC increases the concentrations of heavy metals in the root, stem, peel and tuber of the potato plant, with the concentrations being much higher in the stem and root than in the peel and tuber. Among the five heavy metals, the bioconcentration factor value of Cd is the highest, while that of Ni is the lowest. The complexing agent(DTPA and EDTA) extractable fractions of heavy metals are the highest in terms of phytoavailability. Soil properties(including organic matter, p H and DOC) have important impacts on the phytoavailability of heavy metals. Our results suggest that in soil-potato systems, although the MSC may improve soil fertility, it can also increase the risk of soils exposed to heavy metals.     

Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils using Phosphogypsum and Rice Straw Compost

The application of soil amendments to immobilize heavy metals is a promising technology to meet the requirements for environmentally sound and cost‐effective remediation. The present study was carried out to evaluate the result of phosphogypsum (PG) used alone and in combination with compost (CP) at a mix ratio of 1:1 wet weight ratio (PG + CP) at 10 and 20 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil, on heavy metal immobilization in contaminated soil and on canola growth. The results revealed that the Pb, Cd and Zn uptake of canola plants was reduced by the application of PG alone and when it was mixed with CP as compared with untreated soil. At an application rate of 10 g dry weight kg⁻¹ dry soil of (PG + CP) the dry weight of canola plants increased by 66·8% was increased in comparison with its weight in the untreated soil. The addition of PG alone resulted in more pronounced immobilization of heavy metal as compared with PG mixed with CP. Plant growth was improved with CP addition, but heavy metals immobilization was the greatest in PG alone treatments. Results suggest that PG may be useful for the immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多元酸性土壤调理剂在辣椒上的施用效果研究

辣椒施用由碱渣与城市污泥配制而成的多元酸性土壤调理剂的盆栽试验结果表明:辣椒施用多元酸性土壤调理剂后,消除了土壤酸性的主要障碍,植株根系活力增强,椒果产量和品质显著提高,与不施土壤调理剂处理相比,土壤的pH值提高0.69、盐基饱和度(CEC)提高33.18%、有效Al降低40.39%,辣椒的株高增加32.38%、产量增加133.63%、果实维生素C含量增加264.35%、根系活力增加69.63%,植株的Ca和Mg累积量分别提高183.50%和123.61%.研究结果还表明,多元酸性土壤调理剂的肥效等同或优于"田师傅"土壤调理剂.     

基于隧道式发酵金针菇菌渣的双孢蘑菇培养料制备分析

采用隧道发酵技术,以金针菇(Flammulina filiformis)菌渣为原材料,进行双孢蘑菇培养料的制备.通过一次及二次隧道发酵的工艺控制,检测堆制过程中温度、含水量、pH及电导率等理化成分的变化,并结合出菇结果评价金针菇菌渣培养料的使用情况.结果表明,金针菇菌渣在隧道一次发酵过程中最高温可达74℃以上,整个发酵...     

凹凸棒添加对有机肥发酵温度及养分的影响

为充分利用凹凸棒石的吸附性能,降低有机肥发酵过程中的碳氮损失,减少臭气排放,设置4个不同凹凸棒石添加量（0、5%、10%、15%）,探讨凹凸棒石添加量对有机肥发酵温度、养分含量及养分损失率的影响。结果显示：相比不添加凹凸棒石的对照,添加凹凸棒石可降低堆肥发酵最高温度,延长高温持续时间,降低堆体水分损失速率; 5%凹凸棒石添加可显著降低氮素损失约10个百分点,但当其添加量超过10%时,氮素损失反而增加;添加凹凸棒石显著降低了有机质含量和损失率,且凹凸棒石添加量与有机质损失率呈显著负相关关系。此外,添加凹凸棒石可提高有机肥的钾素含量,但对磷素的含量和损失无显著影响。研究表明,有机肥生产工艺中,凹凸棒石的适宜添加量应为物料总质量的5%~10%。     

秸秆-粪便属地化微贮制肥工艺参数优化

为解决中小散种养户农业废弃物污染环境、属地化利用率低问题,提出一种因地制宜利用属地秸秆和畜禽粪便进行微贮腐熟工艺生产有机肥或土壤改良剂。以玉米秸秆和牛粪为肥源物料,以种子发芽指数为腐熟效果的检测指标,试验确定肥源物料配比、物料含水率、压缩比、微生物菌剂施用量、腐熟时间关键工艺参数的适宜取值范围,结果表明,肥源物料配比为15%~35%、物料含水率为45%~60%、压缩比为25%~50%,且微生物菌剂施用量临界值为0.5‰、腐熟时间达到24 d时,微贮肥料的腐熟效果较好。通过三元二次回归正交旋转组合试验,分析关键工艺参数对腐熟效果的影响并对参数进行优化,建立了微贮制肥腐熟效果特性参数与各因素之间的回归模型,分析表明,各因素对种子发芽指数的影响主次顺序为:物料含水率>压缩比>肥源物料配比。对优化后工艺参数进行试验验证,确定出最优工艺参数:在施用1.5‰微生物菌剂量、腐熟32 d,物料含水率为60%、压缩比为39.50%、肥源物料配比为23%,微贮肥料种子发芽指数达到96.52%,此条件下生产的腐熟肥料可以达到有机肥国家标准,实现就地、就近、就便利用秸秆和畜禽粪便。该研究结论为属地规模化微贮生产有机肥及配套装备设计提供了理论基础。     

猪粪比例对烟草废弃物高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响

以烟草废弃物为基本原料进行堆肥试验,研究了不同比例猪粪与烟草废弃物混合堆肥体系中温度、pH、全氮、C/N比、水溶性NH＋4-N和种子发芽指数（GI,germination index）的动态变化规律,探讨了不同猪粪比例对烟草废弃物高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响。结果表明,在烟草废弃物中加入猪粪能缩短进入高温分解阶段的时间,增加高温分解持续时间,增加全氮含量,加快物料NH＋4-N和C/N比降低的速率,加快烟草废弃物堆肥腐熟化进程。添加一定比例猪粪的处理（烟草废弃物∶猪粪=7∶3、烟草废弃物∶猪粪=8∶2和烟草废弃物∶猪粪=9∶1）,分别在堆肥第3、4、5 d进入高温分解阶段（〉50 ℃）,高温持续时间分别为11、10、8 d;而纯烟草废弃物处理,最高温度为43 ℃,未进入高温分解阶段;至堆肥26 d,NH＋4-N含量分别比纯烟草废弃物对照降低47.7%、61.9%和25.6%;GI分别达到81.4%、84.1%和83.7%。