Development of PCR Primers for a New Fusarium oxysporum Pathogenic on Paris Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens L.)

The inverse PCR technique was applied to clone genomic DNA flanking insertion sites of sequences homologous to the transposable element Fot1 in the genome of a new pathogenic isolate of Fusarium oxysporum obtained from wilted Argyranthemum frutescens (Paris daisy). Based on the genomic flanking regions, a primer was designed which when paired to a second primer matching the Fot1 sequence allowed detection of this pathogen by PCR. The primer pair Mg5/Mg6 could specifically identify nine tested isolates of F. oxysporum from A. frutescens, when fungal genomic DNA was used as template. Moreover, the primer pair Mg5/Mg6 allowed successful detection of the pathogen in stem and root tissue from asymptomatic plants that were artificially inoculated with a representative isolate of F. oxysporum from A. frutescens.     

Tomato: a crop species amenable to improvement by cellular and molecular methods

Summary Tomato is a crop plant with a relatively small DNA content per haploid genome and a well developed genetics. Plant regeneration from explants and protoplasts is feasable which led to the development of efficient transformation procedures.In view of the current data, the isolation of useful mutants at the cellular level probably will be of limited value in the genetic improvement of tomato. Protoplast fusion may lead to novel combinations of organelle and nuclear DNA (cybrids), whereas this technique also provides a means of introducing genetic information from alien species into tomato. Important developments have come from molecular approaches. Following the construction of an RFLP map, these RFLP markers can be used in tomato to tag quantitative traits bred in from related species. Both RFLP's and transposons are in the process of being used to clone desired genes for which no gene products are known. Cloned genes can be introduced and potentially improve specific properties of tomato especially those controlled by single genes. Recent results suggest that, in principle, phenotypic mutants can be created for cloned and characterized genes and will prove their value in further improving the cultivated tomato.     

Mutator转座子介导的玉米甜质突变体侧翼序列克隆

为了探讨Mu转座子使玉米发生甜质突变的分子机理,利用Mu-AFLP方法分离Mutator转座子插入位点的侧翼序列,并根据侧翼序列的延伸设计一对特异性引物P1、P2,验证转座子插入的真实性,同时对插入位点所在的基因进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:侧翼序列长299 bp,插入位点位于第3染色体,该转座子的插入属于真实插入;突变基因全长5 746 bp,共编码592个氨基酸;所编码蛋白的理论分子量为67.5 k Da,疏水性氨基酸含量为42.06%,具有10个跨膜结构域,属于亲水性内膜蛋白。该结果为更好地利用Mutator转座子创制甜玉米新种质奠定了基础,也对揭示玉米胚乳发育与淀粉合成机制具有重要意义。     

转座子报告基因Tn5gusA5诱变甘蓝黑腐病菌分离与致病相关的突变体

构建携带报告基因的转座子Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５于广谱性ｃｏｓ质粒ｐＬＡＦＲ１上，利用Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５诱变野生型甘蓝黑腐病黄单胞菌，筛选与致病性有关的因子（胞外多糖，胞外酶）突变体，通过Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和报告基因ｇｕｓ表达验证，突变体是由转座子诱变所致。     

全基因组分析玉米MuDR转座因子插入突变体库

在功能基因组研究中,插入诱变被广泛用于基因敲除。玉米Mutator转座子因其具有较高的转座活性常被用于构建大型玉米插入突变体库。本研究利用具有活性MuDR因子的玉米材料与优良玉米自交系Z31杂交,获得1 000个M1单株,自交构建M2群体,并研究MuDR因子在基因组中插入位点特性。利用优化的MuTAIL-PCR方法分离出695条MuDR插入位点侧翼序列,经初步生物信息学分析得到374条非冗余的插入位点,其中的298条序列能够被定位在玉米基因组物理图谱单个位点上。实验结果揭示了MuDR因子插入的一些特性：在10条染色体上随机分布,偏向于插入到基因序列中,并在某些功能基因中有明显插入偏好。     

Aspects of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials used in veterinary dermatological practice

Aspects of bacterial resistance to the major classes of antimicrobials used in veterinary dermatology are presented in this review. Resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics, chloramphenicol, mupirocin, sulphonamides, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and β-lactam antibiotics are depicted with respect to the different mechanisms of acquired and intrinsic resistance. Examples are given for the three major resistance mechanisms, enzymatic inactivation, decreased intracellular drug accumulation and target modification. In addition, basic information about mobile genetic elements which carry resistance genes, such as plasmids, transposons and gene cassettes, and their modes of spreading via transduction, conjugation, mobilization and transformation is provided.     

蒺藜苜蓿中1个聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因突变体的筛选及共生固氮表型的初步鉴定

以模式豆科植物蒺藜苜蓿中1个聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)基因为对象,对其进行生物信息学分析,结果显示:该基因全长4 150bp,其编码区1 278bp,编码425个氨基酸;其编码蛋白包括2个与细胞壁主要成分果胶降解有关的保守结构域PL-6superfamily和Glyco_hydro_28;该酶蛋白与鹰嘴豆、赤豆等豆科植物中的PG蛋白同源关系更近。苜蓿基因表达谱数据库分析和RT-PCR检测结果表明,MtPG在根瘤中呈显著增强表达,在非共生组织如根、叶中表达量很低。此外,基于该基因3个Tnt1转座子插入的目标候选突变体(NF0999、NF5561和NF4746)插入位点分析,得到1个纯合突变体材料NF4746,共生表型观察表明,MtPG基因在豆科植物共生固氮的早期侵染过程中发挥重要作用。