试论速生丰产林持续发展的种苗问题及其对策

为保证福建省速生丰产林持续优质发展，系统分析了与营造速生丰产林相关的种苗基础和种苗问题，提出了与发展速生丰产林相适应的种苗对策．     

Analysis on Sustained Release of Protein from Microcapsule Prepared by Alginate

The paper studies a drug deliversy system for protein and find the optimum preparation condition.Cross-linked alginate(Alg) microcapsule was used to prepare microcapsule for protein,using bovine serum album(BSA) as a model drug.Effect of different cations and content of protein on configuration,size and enveloped rate of microcapsule were investigated.It is shown that Ba-Alg microcapsule has steady configuration,homogeneous size and high-enveloped rate.Also electrophoresis of native BSA before microencapsulation and after microencapsulation is measured by(SDS-PAGE),it is found that no significant change is observed BSA integrity.Release of BSA from microcapsule in vitro presents sustained release in some extent,and initial burst effect is significantly obvious.Microenpsulation drug in alginate will be a wishful drug delivery system.     

应用于鱼道设计的新疆木扎提河斑重唇鱼的游泳能力测试

为了探究斑重唇鱼的游泳能力,给过鱼设施设计和鱼类游泳行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以木扎提河野生斑重唇鱼(全长TL=12~16 cm)为研究对象,测定了其在(16.6±1.6) ℃水温下的感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度及持续与耐久游泳能力。结果显示,斑重唇鱼感应流速为(0.18±0.02)m/s,相对感应流速为(1.40±0.23) BL/s (BL为体长);临界游泳速度为(1.02±0.15) m/s,相对临界游泳速度为(8.58±1.65) BL/s;爆发游泳速度为(1.39±0.17) m/s,相对爆发游泳速度为(10.92±1.86) BL/s;最大持续游泳速度为0.87 m/s,最大耐久游泳速度为1.37 m/s,与平均爆发游泳速度相近。其持续游泳时间与流速呈负相关(${\rm lg}T = - 5.136{{X}} + 8.504$)。当以斑重唇鱼为主要过鱼对象时,建议为吸引鱼类进入鱼道,进口流速设计为1.02~1.39 m/s,休息池主流设计为0.20~1.02 m/s,鱼道竖缝处流速宜低于0.85 m/s。鱼道长度为1 000 m时,鱼道内平均水流速度应低于0.78 m/s。本研究结果可为新疆木扎提河流域鱼类游泳能力研究提供参考,对保护日益减少的鱼类资源具有重要意义。     

石斑鱼类养殖技术体系的创建和石斑鱼养殖产业持续发展的思考

石斑鱼是驰名世界的名贵海产鱼类,是中国南方沿海广东、海南、福建、广西等海水养殖业的主要对象,经济价值巨大。中国石斑鱼类养殖兴起于20世纪80、90年代;进入21世纪,中山大学的研究团队围绕石斑鱼苗种繁育和养殖产业化的理论和技术进行了一系列研究,对其生殖调控、生长发育、营养需求、病害防治、种质分析、养殖技术和养殖模式等方面进行集成创新,建立苗种繁育和成鱼养殖各个环节的技术规范和管理措施,实现了石斑鱼苗种规模化繁育和自养自足,从而带动石斑鱼养殖产业发展到相当的规模。石斑鱼类养殖产业化持续健康发展的总体思路是：以建设资源高效利用、改善生态环境、产品优质安全的现代渔业基本内涵为目标,改革和提升传统养殖技术和养殖模式,转变产业发展方式,不断优化和提升产业链上的各项技术,包括：（1）优化苗种人工繁育技术,提高苗种成活率和苗种质量;（2）培育抗逆、抗病、优质、高产的优良品种;（3）配制高效、优质的人工配合饲料;（4）建立病害检测和防控新技术和研制主要疾病的特异性疫苗;（5）建立高效、低碳、节能的养殖技术,因地制宜地采用先进的养殖模式;（6）加强石斑鱼类的生物学基础研究以及生物科学和工程技术的交叉融合、协同发展,为石斑鱼养殖产业的技术创新和集约化与工程化奠定基础。     

脲醛树脂微胶囊的制备及其对烟碱类杀虫剂的缓释性能

选择脲醛树脂作为囊壁材料,采用原位聚合法对烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪、呋虫胺进行包裹,制备了具有缓释功能的微胶囊。获得脲醛树脂微胶囊最佳工艺参数:甲醛的摩尔比为1.0∶1.8,乳化60 min,酸化0.5 h,固化2 h。使用智能溶出试验仪,考察了微胶囊的包裹率、载药量和溶出率。结果表明,脲醛树脂微胶囊在18 d内可以实现均匀释放。田间试验表明,采用噻虫嗪微胶囊和呋虫胺微胶囊,用量分别为90g.ai/hm~2和45 g.ai/hm~2具有较好的防治水稻飞虱的效果。     

持续日变高温对肉鸡矿物质代谢的影响

为研究持续日变高温环境对肉仔鸡矿物质代谢的影响,选用体重接近的20只肉仔鸡,随机分为两组,另选体重接近的4只肉仔鸡,施人工肛门手术。试验组持续日变高温环境设为25～35℃,其中每日35℃持续3h。对照组为20℃恒温。在人工气候舱内适应8d后,每只鸡收集3d尿和总排泄物,并对其中矿物质排出量进行测量,分别对试验前及试验结束时血液中矿物质浓度进行测量。结果表明:持续日变高温使肉仔鸡血清中K浓度显著下降,Zn浓度上升,其它矿物质元素浓度无显著变化,在限饲相同进食量情况下,热应激使K、P、Mg、Na和Co的排出量明显低于对照组,而其它矿物元素排出量与对照组无显著差异,尿中矿物质浓度无显著变化。     

氧氟沙星缓释药栓的研制及体外药物释放实验研究

研究可植入眼内的氧氟沙星缓药栓的体外药物缓释过程和效果。方法：将分子量各为６１２０和１２５５０的聚乳酸分别混载５％和１０％氧氟沙星制成药栓，并体外药物释放以及高效液相色谱法药物浓度测定。结果３０ｄ内氧氟沙星体外释放率为７０％－９０％，释药时间与滞物分子量呈正相关，结论：由氧氟沙星和聚乳酸制成的缓释药栓满足眼内炎治疗的基本要求。     

Biochemical responses of matrinxãBrycon cephalus (Günther, 1869) after sustained swimming

Juvenile matrinxã, Brycon cephalus, were submitted to sustained swimming for 72 days at 1.0 body length s^?1. Exercised fish (EF) grew more than non‐EF and their feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved; haematological responses demonstrated a decrease in haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin contents and increase in the mean cell volume. In the plasma, sodium, ammonia and amino acid concentrations increased; plasma triglycerides decreased while free fatty acids increased. Liver glucose, free amino acids, ammonia, the rate protein per fish weight and total lipid content increased, while the glycogen per fish ratio declined. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity increased while pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased. White muscle glucose, lactate, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and total lipid content exhibited a decrease in their values; ammonia, free amino acids and the protein per fish‐weight ratio increased. GDH and PK decreased their activities. In the red muscle glycogen store, the glycogen per fish‐weight ratio and glucose were reduced. Juvenile matrinxãs, under sustained swimming, were physiologically and biochemically adapted to exercise as indicated by improved blood flow, transport and oxygen uptake, FCR, amino acid and protein incorporation and growth. Continuous exercise is a good practice for B. cephalus cultivation.