串番茄采摘末端执行器的设计与夹持实验

基于串番茄生长特性和采摘要求,设计了一种适应于采摘成串番茄的末端执行器。基于螺旋理论,建立了夹持接触力学模型,分析了夹持的力封闭性;同时,建立了稳定夹持模型,对夹指的可靠夹持力进行了分析,得出夹持力F≥8.24N。制作了物理样机,并对直径为3~8mm的串番茄母枝进行了负重干扰性能的夹持实验,实验结果表明:夹指所能承受的动态负重随母枝直径的增大而增大,最小动态负重为1.015kg,完全满足采摘串番茄时的夹持能力需求。     

Exposure of four Filipino farmers to parathion-methyl while spraying string beans

Filipino farmers resist wearing protective garments while spraying, preferring to wear long-sleeved cotton polyester shirts and short or long trousers. The exposure of farmers while wearing this attire and spraying was assessed to determine what degree of protection it afforded farmers under tropical conditions. Absorbent pads were placed on the outer and inner wear on various body parts. Applicators sprayed parathion-methyl on fruiting string beans at the recommended rate and residues were analyzed by gas chromatography. Each farmer had a characteristic spraying pattern which resulted in peculiar residue levels in some body parts. Inner exposure did not exceed the tolerable dermal exposure level during warm days while using proper spraying techniques. The use of long-sleeved cotton polyester shirt and thick polyester trousers provides, to a certain degree, protection for farmers during warm days. A change of clothing would be a more acceptable measure for farmers than wearing uncomfortable and impractical protective garments. The following spraying techniques reduced farmer exposure: fully outstretched arm, minimal body twisting and smooth hand movements. The use of thick polyester long trousers, gloves or a suitable substitute and the removal of weeds within the crop area also reduce farmer exposure to insecticides. Re-designing the bottle to include a plastic lip, in order to avoid spillage, is also recommended to reduce exposure during the critical mixing stage. Laundering the shirt immediately after use removes a significant amount of residues (96–97%) and contributes towards the protection of farm workers. These recommendations should provide useful data for incorporation in farmer-training programes on the proper use of pesticides.     

新广州站三向张弦梁结构优化设计

基于运用APDL语言对新广州站工程三向张弦梁结构建立的参数化模型,利用一阶优化方法,对初始结构进行全构件截面和形状参数的综合优化.并在矢高和垂度确定的情况下,分别采用分级优化和综合优化分析了构件截面的合理取值.分析结果表明：矢高和垂度是三向张弦梁结构设计中极为重要的设计参数,新广州站三向张弦梁结构的最佳矢高为9.189 m,其垂跨比应不小于0.034,下弦垂度和上弦矢高的经济比值为0.22~0.23.上弦拱构件在结构中占的比重较大,可以通过减小拱截面的壁厚来降低结构的用钢量.并通过综合优化得到新广州站三向张弦梁的最佳梁弦刚度比为1.23×10-4     

The biomechanical construction of the horse's body and activity patterns of three important muscles of the trunk in the walk,trot and canter

The activity patterns of trunk muscles are commonly neglected, in spite of their importance for maintaining body shape. Analysis of the biomechanics of the trunk under static conditions has led to predictions of the activity patterns. These hypotheses are tested experimentally by surface electromyography (EMG). Five horses, with and without a rider, were examined in the walk, trot and canter. Footfall was synchronised with EMG by an accelerometer. Averages of ten consecutive cycles were calculated and compared by statistical methods. The start and stop times of the muscle activities of 5–10 undisturbed EMG plots were determined and the averages and standard deviations calculated. In walking, muscle activities are minor. Electromyography (EMG) activity was increased in the m. rectus during the three‐limb support. When the bending moments assume their greatest values, for example while the horses' mass is accelerated upward (two times earth acceleration) in the diagonal support phases in trot and canter the m. rectus, connecting the sternum with the pubic bone is most active. The m. obl. externus is most active when the torsional and bending moments are greatest during the same support phases, but not bilaterally, because the forces exerted on one side by the (recorded) m. obl. externus are transmitted on the other side by the (not recorded) m. obl. internus. While the hindlegs touch the ground in the trot and canter, ground reaction forces tend to flex the hip joint and the lumbar spine. Therefore, the vertebral column needs to be stabilised by the ipsilateral m. longissimus dorsi, which in fact can be observed. As a whole, our EMG data confirm exactly what has been predicted by theoretical analysis.     

基于林地“一张图”的小班自动编号探究

以林地一张图小班排序编号为研究对象,基于ArcGIS10.2浮动版,用简单的Python语句求算小班周界横坐标最小值、纵坐标最大值,在查找相同的工具制作表中,图层与表连接,在横坐标最小值与纵坐标最大值相等的相邻小班顺序值字段中输入从左到右顺序值用于排序,导出图层属性表,采用Excel 2010函数countif自动编号,图层与Excel表连接,用VBScript语言字符串函数left表达式格式化小班号,对横坐标最小值与纵坐标最大值相等出现错误的小班编号,手动修改小班号错误。其操作简单,容易理解,实用,可解决极少数小班号编号不准确的问题,使小班自动编号准确,符合林业调查规划小班编号规则。     

乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚树脂热熔胶线的研究

对采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚树脂和玻璃纤维纱线制作热熔胶线进行了分析研究,通过正交试验确定了乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚树脂制作热熔胶线的最佳方案.     

基于“弦”胎体理论的轮胎转偏模型

根据基于“弦”胎体理论的轮胎非稳态侧偏模型和不同侧向输入时传递函数间的相互关系,得出轮胎非稳态转偏模型。将模型中Ｅ０函数展开为Ｔａｙｌｏｒ级数形式,通过有效地截取其部分项,推导出基于“弦”胎体理论的轮胎稳态转偏模型。最后还将无量纲的非稳态转偏模型简化为有理分式的一般形式。所得模型可用于拖拉机和汽车的动力学分析和转向性能研究。     

基于AIC-RBF的油气管柱挤压形变估计方法

油气管柱长期受到地层运动的影响会发生挤压变形,且挤压程度难以度量.利用脉冲涡流的油气管柱挤压形变估计反演算法,提出了一种基于AIC-RBF 的油气管柱挤压形变估计方法,该方法包括基于赤池信息量准则(Akaike Information Criterion,AIC)的油气管柱形变多项式拟合优化算法和基于径向基函数(Rad...     

分层注汽管柱的研究与应用

河南油田浅层稠油油藏普遍存在严重的非均质性以及蒸汽吞吐开采过程中油层吸汽不均的现象,导致高渗透层动用程度高,中低渗透层动用程度低,影响油田的开发效果。为此研究了分层注汽管柱。该管柱可以实现不动管柱分层注汽,生产管柱与分层注汽管柱合二为一,减免了注汽管柱起下作业,减少了作业工作量,消除了作业过程中热能浪费。该技术的应用,可以限制高渗透层、动用程度高的油层的注汽量,增加低渗透层、动用程度低的油层的注汽量,增加油藏的动用程度,提高油藏的最终采收率。     

短弦中垂距法在圆曲线测量中的应

在工程测设曲线长期实践中，发现了一种简易实用的方法---短弦中垂距法。经采用科学的原理分析，在理论上是成立的。该方法使用工具简易，测设方法步骤易学易懂。对短弦中垂法的测量原理及测量方法和步骤进行了论述。实践证明，在地形复杂和量距困难的地区，利用短弦中垂距法进行圆曲线测量，是一种好的方法。