猪血浆转铁蛋白与部分经济性状关系的研究——Ⅰ. 多态性与产仔数和日增重的关系

用经改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳铁染法,测定了二花脸猪血浆转铁蛋白多态类型,分析了其基因型频率和基因频率,并探讨了猪血浆转铁蛋白多态性与产仔性能和增重速度的相关性。     

Reproductive roles predict sexual dimorphism in internal and external morphology of lake whitefish,Coregonus clupeaformis

Abstract – The different reproductive roles of the sexes can predict the direction and magnitude of sexual dimorphism of external and internal morphology. Males should have enlarged structures that enhance the acquisition of mating opportunities, whereas females are predicted to have enlarged organs that are associated with the production of eggs. We tested these predictions in male and female lake whitefish, a species in which both sexes have similar overall body size and shape. After controlling for body size, male lake whitefish had significantly longer jaws and pectoral and pelvic fins, larger hearts, and more muscle than females. Sexual dimorphism in relative muscle mass may be one of the most fundamental morphological differences between males and females. Females had relatively heavier livers than males. Because the liver is important for the breakdown of fats and vitellogenesis, selection should favour an enlarged liver in females for the processing of energy and the production of large numbers of eggs.     

农业土地规模经营的理论探讨

实现农业土地规模经营,有利于生产力有效运转并取得最佳的规模效益。其适度性受各种因素的影响,具有区域性和动态性。规模经营与劳动生产率有着密切的关系,应该在确保提高土地生产率的基础上来提高劳动生产和土地规模经营的效益。土地适当集中、土地经营主体的总人数尽量精简和劳动组合的优化是优化土地经营规模的三个相互制约的因素。要采取积极的措施逐步实现土地的规模经营。对现有土地经营形式要做具体分析,其调整应从有利于生产力发展出发,在尊重群众意愿的基础上稳步进行。     

Osmolarity,cell volume and proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the relationship between osmolarity, cell volume and cell proliferation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT method was applied to detect the proliferation ability of the poorly-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE-2Z) under various osmolarity conditions. The flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle distribution. Cell volume was obtained by the image analysis of living cells and cell viability was determined by the trypan blue assay. RESULTS: Cultivation of cells under the hypertonic conditions of 370 and 440 mOsmol/L increased cell volume by 8.7% and 27.8% and facilitated cell proliferation by 22.2% and 33.9%, respectively. However, hypotonic incubation of cells with osmolarity of 160 and 230 mOsmol/L decreased cell volume by 12.8% and 4.1% and inhibited cell proliferation by 34.0% and 15.6%, respectively. Cell volume was positively correlated with cell proliferation rate. Long-term cultivation of cells under anisotonic conditions did not significantly alter cell cycle distribution, but hypotonic cultivation decreased cell viability. CONCLUSION: Proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was closely correlated with the osmolarity of culture medium and cell volume. Hypotonic cultivation may inhibit cell proliferation by decreasing cell volume to facilitate cell death mechanisms.     

Evaluation of sampling methods and assessment of the sample size to estimate the weed seedbank in soil, taking into account spatial variability

As field sampling is time consuming, it is necessary to develop efficient sampling techniques to obtain accurate estimates of the weed seedbank in soil. The relative efficiency between sampling schemes depends on the spatial variability in weed seed density across agricultural fields. Spatial variability of the weed seed density was characterized by theoretical correlograms. A systematic sampling (square grill) scheme was considered and it was found that, taking into account spatial variability, this sampling scheme was more efficient than simple random sampling. As a result, the sample size can be reduced in comparison with that given in previous studies, where spatial correlation was ignored. The reduction depends on the correlation structure defined as a function of the ratio, τ, between the nugget effect and the sill of the variogram. The maximum reduction of the sample size, without loss of either precision or confidence level corresponds to the case where there is no nugget effect, τ = 0. The opposite extreme case, where the reduction is nil, corresponds to the case of a pure nugget effect τ = 1. The abaci based on given expressions are provided to determine the sample size in species whose spatial pattern can be fitted either to a Poisson or to a negative binomial distribution.     

黄鳍棘鲷标志放流群体的规格适宜性评价

合理选取标志放流鱼的规格是成功监测放流鱼类动态及评估增殖效果的关键步骤。本研究以黄鳍棘鲷为对象,通过2个实验评价标志鱼的适宜规格。实验1对比了4种体长的黄鳍棘鲷(平均体长5、7、11和14 cm)作T型标志后其生长、存活和标志保留情况,并利用逻辑斯蒂回归模型分别分析标志鱼存活率和标志保留率的规格特异性;实验2模拟了不同混合比例下2种体长黄鳍棘鲷标志鱼与不标志鱼的捕捞情况,并利用重抽样方法对捕捞结果作计算机重抽样,分析2种鱼能否充分混合以及标志鱼的规格、比例对捕捞结果的影响。结果显示:(1)7、11和14 cm标志组的特定生长率与对照组无显著差异;(2)标志鱼的存活率随体长的增加而增加(5 cm标志组的鱼在标志后7 d内全部死亡,7、11和14 cm标志组的存活率分别为77.5%、92.5%和100.0%)。标志鱼的存活率与初始体长的逻辑斯蒂回归关系式为P=exp(0.099X-6.900)/[1+exp(0.099X-6.900)];(3)各组的标志保留率较高(7、11和14 cm标志组的标志保留率分别为97.5%、100.0%和100.0%),但与体长无明显关系;(4)模拟捕捞结果与计算机重抽样结果无显著差异,二者均不受鱼体规格的影响,但受标志鱼比例的影响极显著,标志鱼比例越高,其捕获率也越高。综上,建议今后采用T型标志方法开展增殖放流品种(如黄鳍棘鲷)的相关研究时,应综合考虑成本和可接受的误差范围以选择符合研究目的的标志鱼规格,若需标志鱼的存活率高于50.0%,则体长至少为7 cm,高于75.0%则体长至少为8 cm,高于95.0%则体长至少为10 cm。此外,在成本允许的条件下,建议尽可能增加放流鱼类中标志鱼的比例以提高增殖效果评估的代表性,而具体适宜的比例值得深入研究。     

城市绿化中的大树移植

随着人们对环境的重视,城市的绿化工作变得越来越重要。在绿化工程中,栽植大量的苗木,其中不乏一些大规格得苗木,规格大的苗木在绿化中,有见效快、效果好的特点,所以在将来的绿化工程中,会有更多的大树被应用。根据不同地区,选择不同的大树,不但可以起到绿化效果,还能保证苗木的成活率。在起挖和栽植时,应对大苗进行特殊处理,保证其成活率,后期的养护管理也是保证苗木成活的关键。     

饲料中不同蛋黄粉水平对孔雀鱼繁殖力的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中不同蛋黄粉水平对孔雀鱼繁殖周期和产仔量的影响。选择生长状况良好且相近的成年孔雀鱼20对,随机分为四组,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂蛋黄粉含量为2%、4%、8%的混合饲料。结果显示,在试验蛋黄粉水平范围内,饲料中蛋黄粉水平越高,繁殖周期越短,对照组与试验组差异显著(P＜0.05),但各试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。对产仔量的统计结果显示,随着饲养时间的延长和饲料中蛋黄粉水平升高,孔雀鱼产仔量增多,第三次产仔量各试验组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),但各试验组间差异不显著;总产仔量8%蛋黄粉水平最高,但与4%蛋黄粉水平差异不显著(P＞0.05)。提示饲料中添加蛋黄粉可缩短孔雀鱼的繁殖周期,提高孔雀鱼产仔量,4%蛋黄粉水平为本试验中饲料最适蛋黄粉含量。     

叶顶间隙对多相混输泵内流动特性的影响

为了揭示叶顶间隙对多相混输泵内流动特性的影响规律,在进口含气率为10%时,利用ANSYS CFX软件对不同叶顶间隙下泵内气液两相流态进行模拟,同时分析和总结了叶顶间隙对流道内流动特性的影响.研究表明,当叶顶间隙增加时,叶轮叶片进口附近低压区占比明显减少,并且叶轮进出口的压差也在逐渐减小.另外,在靠近叶片顶端时,压力等值线存在偏折现象.随着叶顶间隙逐渐增加,偏折加剧.存在叶顶间隙时,叶轮轮毂附近气相聚集得到了明显的改善,并且随着叶顶间隙的增加,气相在叶顶间隙内靠近叶顶处的聚集现象更加明显,导叶轮毂气相聚集位置沿着流动方向向下游移动.研究结果可为多相混输泵水力优化、性能改善和结构设计等提供依据.同时,研究结果进一步揭示了多相混输泵叶顶间隙流对混输泵性能的影响规律.     

七株植物内生放线菌对苹果树腐烂病的防治作用

通过分生孢子萌发试验、菌丝抑制试验、接种离体枝条试验及田间病斑涂抹药剂防治试验,研究了7株植物内生放线菌对苹果树腐烂病的防治效果。结果表明,7株植物内生放线菌无菌发酵滤液对病原菌分生孢子萌发及菌丝生长均有明显的抑制作用,2倍稀释液对孢子萌发抑制率均达85%以上,20倍稀释液对菌丝生长抑制率均达80%以上。显微观察发现,Hhs.015 (BAR1-5)菌株无菌发酵滤液可导致病菌芽管、菌丝畸形。在人工接种条件下,无菌发酵滤液原液对离体枝条病斑扩展具有明显的抑制作用,其中AR1-14、Hhs.015 (BAR1-5)和TGYXCSA-7处理5天后防治效果分别达83.2%、69.7%和85.6%。田间刮除病斑后涂抹放线菌发酵原液也可明显抑制病斑复发,防效均达80%以上。