Recommendations on Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcements in Concrete Slabs

The mechanism of shrinkage cracking is discussed with a simple member, which is fully restrained and subjected only to an axial restraining force caused by shrinkage, while a simple procedure is presented for the determination of the number and spacing of the cracks and the average crack width. With the simple model, some examples are shown to compare the provisions for minimum shrinkage and temperature reinforcement in GB 50010-2002 Code, ACI 318-02 Code and AS 3600-1988 Code. The results show that the provisions in GB 50010-2002 Code are too weak in comparison with the others. Finally, some recommendations are proposed.     

Modeling of Punching Failure Initiated by Concrete Splitting at Longitudinal Bar Level for Slabs without shear reinforcement

A new punching failure model has been developed for thinner slabs (≤120 mm thick) yet with a larger reinforcement ratio (＞085). On the assumption that the trigger of ultimate failure is the loss of dowel action caused by concrete splitting along the horizontal surface at longitudinal bar level, an equilibrium equation was established and an upper bound solution was obtained. The computation of punching shear capacity shows that for a total of 194 specimens collected, the mean and the coefficient of variation are 1072 and 0.250 respectively. As for the 116 members (out of all 194 ones) with the above character, it is found that there is little change of the mean (equal to 1017) yet an apparent decrease in the coefficient of variation (equal to 0184), which justifies the proposed hypothesis and refined mode in estimating punching resistance of such members.     

混合组坯对杨木单板层积材弹性常数及力学性能的影响

单板层积材具有结构均匀、强度高等优点,材料、结构、制造工艺等差异对其性能影响显著。以13层22 mm厚全顺纹、2层及3层横纹其余顺纹混合组坯的杨木单板层积材为对象,通过电测法、三点弯曲及拉伸实验,对其主要弹性常数及力学性能参数进行测试,得出以下结论:1)随着横纹层数的增加,顺纹方向的弹性模量下降,横纹方向的弹性模量增加,层积方向的弹性模量先减小后增加,单板层积材的各向异性降低;2)随着横纹层数的增加,静曲强度减小,变异性逐渐增大,进行结构设计时需更多考虑材料的性能稳定性;3)组坯方式对LVL抗拉强度的影响不大,适当增加横纹层板可提高抗拉强度;4)组坯方式对泊松比的影响较大,随着横纹层数的增加,泊松比总体降低,采用纵横混合式组坯可能有利于抵抗由拉、压载荷所造成的材料变形。     

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Concrete Two-way Composite Slabs with Precast Concrete Ribbed Panels

New types of precast concrete ribbed panels are developed in order to adapt to the complex loading conditions and different floor spans. Based on the yield line theory, equations for the ultimate bearing capacity and yield patterns of two-way composite slabs of different edge conditions and under uniformly distributed loading are developed, and the simplified formulas for the ultimate moment per unit width are proposed. The plastic limit analyses of two examples on the simple support and the fixed support are conducted, and the calculation results show good agreement with the experimental data.     

水泥混凝土路面板下脱空的危害

通过对多处水泥混凝土路面板下脱空形态的试验研究 ,获得脱空区的形态分布规律 ,并据此对不同车辆荷载作用下板体内应力变化进行解析求解和使用寿命计算。结果表明 ,水泥混凝土路面板下脱空、超载车辆和重载车辆是造成水泥混凝土路面板早期断裂的重要因素     

Nondestructive Test of Surface Defect of Hot Slabs Based on Machine Vision at High Temperature State

Aimed at the problem of online detection of continuous slabs surface defect at high temperature, The CCD shutter control model was established using machine vision technology and equipment at high temperature states. The default clustering algorithm was provided. The CCD imaging equipment with dual cool modes of water and air was selected to ensure continuous work at high temperature conditions. The slab width of 3 000 mm can be detected, and the system can effectively restrain the influence of noise signals brought by oscillation marks on the surface of slabs and realize monitoring and clustering of the slab surface default.     

两对边简支两对边自由矩形板的临界荷载

通过对两对边简支两对边自由矩形板在简支边有均匀压力作用下的稳定问题的研究，得出了板的失稳波形与临界荷载的二阶渐延表达式，并给出了５种不同材料临界压力值的数值结果     

混凝土面板干缩应力计算的接触面模型研究

基于湿度传导理论及一般外荷载作用下的接触摩擦单元理论,经过系统分析,建立了面板与垫层之间接触面的湿度场及干缩应力有限元计算模型。算例结果表明,应用该模型可以获得较为准确合理的接触面湿度场及干缩应力计算结果。     

椰糠条栽培番茄的蒸腾反馈智能灌溉系统研制

为满足番茄椰糠条栽培条件下自动精量灌溉的需要,该研究研制了一套蒸腾反馈智能灌溉系统,包括蒸腾检测组件、通信组件、决策组件和灌溉组件。蒸腾检测组件基于压力传感器测定番茄蒸腾量;决策组件基于椰糠条的持水特性和番茄蒸腾量的变化建立了灌溉精量控制模型,精确控制水泵启动和关闭,使灌溉量根据作物蒸腾量的多少变化,并根据回液量及其电导率(Electrical Conductivity,EC)值变化判断调用正常灌溉模式或淋洗模式,使椰糠条始终处于适宜的含水量范围内,保持一定的水气比,以利于番茄根系生长和吸收营养液,解决灌溉不足造成的干旱胁迫和灌溉太多造成的营养液浪费和回液处理量大的问题;通信组件用于各模块间信号的传递。以荷兰RIDDER公司研发的基于光辐射积累量控制的灌溉系统为对照,检验该蒸腾反馈智能灌溉系统的应用效果。结果表明,在番茄盛果期,该系统的灌溉量比对照增加9.4%,回液量减少18%,且回液EC值比较稳定;与定时灌溉相比,减少灌溉量32%,减少回液量57%,有更多的营养液被植物吸收利用。栽培效果显示,使用该系统灌溉的番茄产量、株高、节数与使用荷兰RIDDER公司研制的灌溉系统的没有显著差异,取得了与之相同的灌溉效果;而且,在5 000 m~2温室内设备设计使用年限10 a条件下,该智能灌溉系统年运行成本与之相比还降低了20.8%,并能够满足自动精量灌溉的需求。若根据基质类型不同调整灌溉控制模型参数,该系统也可应用于岩棉条栽培、混合基质盆栽等其他无土栽培的智能精量灌溉。     

Slabs'' In plane Tension bending Resistance Systemof Thin walled Open profile

In order to simplify the analyses of thin walled open profile bars, a thin walled bar was split into two parts which were dominated by in plane and out plane loading effects respectively. The in plane loading effects were focused. On the basis of appropriate simplified stress and strain conditions, each plate was analyzed and the results were integrated into vectors, resulting in the slabs' in plane tension bending resistance system of thin walled open profile bars, which reflects their axial stretch/compression, bending and warping properties. And then the deformation equation and the stiffness equation were set up. Because longitudinal interaction forces between plates were introduced in the definition of the plates' in plane bending moments, the deduction and conclusions here were consistent in form with those in bending theory. Principal axes' directions, shear center's coordinates, principal inertia moments and sectorial inertia moment of thin walled open sections can be deduced by the slabs disassembled method proposed here. Lateral deformed bars' analysis based on those sectional parameters in classical theory is proved to be inefficient, where additional “rigid contour hypothesis” has to be introduced.