粮食烘干塔换热器智能折边设备研发

结合螺旋板式换热器的应用领域及其板材折边生产现状,分析了其生产弊端。针对板材折边工艺要求,研发了粮食烘干塔换热器智能折边设备,并剖析其工作机理。根据典型产品结构参数,设计智能折边装备总体装配图并计算主要零件参数,为智能折边装备制作提供理论依据,从而实现换热器板材折边智能加工,提高换热器卷板折边质量及精度。     

Work-hardening Mechanism of Non-magnetic High Manganese ZG25Mn18Cr4 Castings

The important character of non-magnetic high manganese ZG25 Mn18Cr4 alloy is rapid work-hardening under external stress. With X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis, it is proved that the microstructures of both undeformed and deformed matrixes are austenite and carbide with some striation structure in the matrixes, the amount of stripes in the deformed matrix is obviously more than that in the undeformed matrix. Electronic diffraction analysis confirmed that the stripes in coarse austenite grains are high density lamination fault sheets. A great deal of lamination fault sheets produced by plastic deformation divides up austenite matrix, shortens the free distance of dislocation movement and results in the rapid work-hardening of ZG25Mn18Cr4 alloy.     

Contribution of sewage sludge to erosion control in the rehabilitation of limestone quarries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high doses of municipal sludge on soil aggregation and to assess its value for soil erosion reduction, both under natural and in simulated rainfall conditions. Doses of 200 and 400 Mg ha⁻¹ sewage sludge (dry weight) were applied to the soil of experimental plots situated on a 28 degree slope. Two sludge application procedures were tested: pre-mixing into the soil before disposal on the slope, and direct application on the soil surface. Sheet erosion was measured by collecting the sediment carried down to a Gerlach trough situated at the base of the plots. Simulated rainfall, with an intensity of 64 mm h⁻¹, was applied to evaluate soil erodibility. When the soil had no vegetation, the erosion measured on plots treated with sludge represented less than 10 per cent of the erosion from the control plot. Even when the vegetation was well developed, the erosion was also lower in the plots where sludge had been applied. In simulated rainfall, the soil loss was inversely proportional to the sludge dose, and when sludge was applied directly on the soil surface the erosion rates and particle mobilization caused by raindrop impact were minimal. Sludge amendments increase infiltration rates and improve soil structure, increasing the mean weight diameter of aggregates and their water resistance.     

基于纳米材料电化学免疫传感器检测禽呼肠孤病毒研究

【目的】构建一种用于检测禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)的新型电化学免疫传感器。【方法】将石墨烯(G)和甲壳胺(Chi)分散在乙酸溶液中得到均匀的混合物后,加入HAuCl4溶液于80℃还原成金纳米粒子（AuNPs）,得到石墨烯-甲壳胺-金纳米粒子(G-Chi-AuNPs)纳米复合物。将石墨烯(G)和甲壳胺(Chi)分散在乙酸溶液中得到均匀的混合物后,先加入AgNO3溶液于80℃还原成银纳米粒子（AgNPs）,再加入禽呼肠孤病毒单克隆抗体(ARV-MAb),得到石墨烯-甲壳胺-银纳米粒子-禽呼肠孤病毒单克隆抗体（G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb）纳米复合物。将G-Chi- AuNPs纳米复合物修饰金电极作为传感器平台,固定待检测样品,然后加入G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物,并对G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物的孵育时间进行优化,构建了ARV电化学免疫传感器。使用构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,对禽流感（H5N1、H3N6和H9N2亚型）、新城疫病毒（NDV）、喉气管炎病毒（LTV）、传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）和传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)进行检测,以确定ARV电化学免疫传感器的特异性。使用构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,对106.5-100.5 TCID50/mL的病毒进行检测,以确定ARV电化学免疫传感器的敏感性试验。使用构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,对临床样品进行检测,其确定ARV电化学免疫传感器的实用性。【结果】所建立的ARV电化学免疫传感器,G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物的最佳孵育时间为40 min。当检测的样品为阳性时,ARV与ARV-MAb特异结合,G-Chi-AgNPs-ARV-MAb纳米复合物被固定到电极的表面使其线性伏安曲线出现AgNPs的氧化峰;当检测样品为阴性时,其线性伏安曲线不出现AgNPs的氧化峰。特异性结果表明,所建立的方法仅对ARV的检测为阳性（出现AgNPs的氧化峰）,而对非目标禽流感（H5N1、H3N6和H9N2亚型）、NDV、LTV、IBV和 IBDV的检测为阴性（不出现AgNPs的氧化峰）。敏感性结果表明,所构建的ARV电化学免疫传感器,具有很高的敏感性,对ARV检测的敏感性达101.5 TCID50/mL。使用建立的ARV电化学免疫传感器对22份临床样品进行检测,结果与病毒分离方法相符。【结论】所建立的ARV电化学免疫传感器,具有特异性强、敏感度高及快速的特点,为有效检测诊断禽呼肠孤病毒提供了一种新的快速检测诊断技术。     

回龙电站尾水洞内衬钢板加固抗外压稳定分析

隧洞内衬钢板灌胶加固技术是在钢筋混凝土隧洞内壁通过植锚栓的方式安装薄钢板,而后在钢板与混凝土接触面之间灌注结构胶,使钢板与混凝土共同受力,满足钢筋混凝土隧洞结构加固的需要。在灌注结构胶的过程中,由于外部灌注压力的作用,薄钢板抗外压失稳问题将受到特别的关注。通过具体工程实例,详细介绍了薄钢板抗外压稳定计算的几种方法。     

竹片覆面胶合板的初步研究

本文研究了以竹片为外层材料、多层杨木单板为芯层材料的复合胶合板的结构和力学性能，分析了板坯结构形式、纵向纵片厚度、单板层数及板坯压缩率与产品机械强度之间的关系。初步研究结果表明，板坯结构形式对产品的静载荷抗弯曲性能影响显著；在试验范围内，纵向竹片厚度为３．５－５．０ｍｍ、板坯压缩率在２３％左右时，竹片覆盖面杨木胶合板的综合力学性能比较理想。     

基于DYNAFORM板料成形模拟

凹模圆角半径、冲压速度、压边力和拉延类型对板料成形影响较大,文章通过试验优化成型工艺参数,获得了较为理想的板料成形效果,其成形工艺为:采用单动拉延,凹模圆角半径为18mm,压边力为100k N和冲压速度2000mm/s。     

Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Structures Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheet

Stress redistributes after the concrete structures strenthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet. It is a question of secondary loading.Many scholars have studied it and got a lot of achievements.This paper summarizes the methods and analyzes their advantage and shortcoming. Based on it, a new method is proposed.The method is developing in large-scale general software-Ansys by using adding new elements, constitutive relationship, failure criterion,and so on.The calculation formula agrees with the experimental data.     

雨滴击溅在薄层水流侵蚀中的作用

试验采用人工模拟降雨方法,对薄层水流侵蚀的两个阶段——雨滴击溅及径流侵蚀进行了模拟试验研究。得出:在消除雨滴打击作用后,坡面侵蚀的主要营力为薄层水流的拖拽力（τ=rhsinα）,且径流侵蚀量S_R与τ有下列关系式: S_R=921.497τ^1.713 r=0.876 α=0.017 以上式为基础,即可从有雨滴打击作用下所产生的侵蚀量中推算出径流侵蚀量S_R与雨滴侵蚀量S_Rd。结果表明:S_Rd一般占总侵蚀量的70%以上,最高可达95%,说明薄层水流侵蚀所产生的泥沙绝大部分是由雨滴击溅所致。因此,笔者认为坡度较小地段的薄层水流侵蚀,应以消除或降低雨滴击溅作用为其主要防治措施。     

Effectiveness of stone bunds in controlling soil erosion on cropland in the Tigray Highlands, northern Ethiopia

Abstract Use of stone bunds to enhance soil and water conservation was first introduced to Tigray, northern Ethiopia in 1981. This study was designed to examine the factors that control the effectiveness of bunds installed on cropland. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of soil loss and sediment accumulation were conducted on 202 plots at 12 representative sites in Dogu'a Tembien district. Mean annual soil loss from the foot of the bunds due to tillage erosion was estimated at 39kgm⁻¹yr⁻¹ or 20tha⁻¹yr⁻¹, a rate which decreased with increasing age of bund. The assessed mean annual soil loss rate by sheet and rill erosion in the absence of stone bunds is 57tha⁻¹yr⁻¹. The mean measured annual rate of sediment accumulation behind the stone bunds is 119kgm⁻¹yr^−1/sp or 59tha⁻¹yr⁻¹. The measurements show that the introduction of stone bunds to the region has led to a 68% reduction in annual soil loss due to water erosion. This reduction is due to the accumulation of sediment behind the stone bunds, which occurs faster in the early years after construction and decreases as the depression behind the bunds becomes filled with sediment. New stone bunds are particularly effective in trapping sediment in transport, but regular maintenance and increase in height of the bunds is necessary to maintain their effectiveness. The average USLE P factor for stone bunds in the study area is estimated to be 0.32.