Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.     

农业科技成果转化存在的问题分析（II）

在以往研究中国农业科技成果转化现状的基础上,研究了制约农业科技成果推广的因素。就农民方面来讲主要为:农民对科技成果的转化吸纳程度;利益机制因素;农业的风险性和不确定性因素;技术市场的不完善因素;农民的经营理念方面的因素以及农民的文化素质偏低等因素。以便采取相应的对策措施。     

福建省将乐县金溪建电站前后雨水情变化分析

本文通过对将乐县金溪建电站前的1953～1978年、建电站后的1990～2009年雨水情进行分析,结果表明:自然状态下的将乐县(1953～1978年)无论雨水大小,每年都有洪水超过警戒水位,年最大洪水发生时间在4～7月;1953～1978年有16年的当年最大洪峰水位发生在当年最大日降雨量当日至第16日内,频率为61.5...     

永定县烟后作稻氮磷钾肥料效试验研究

采用“3414”田间肥效试验方案,在3个试验点进行烟后作稻田间试验,研究永定县烟后作稻的氮磷钾肥效和最挂施用量.试验结果表明：合理施用氮磷钾肥可有效提高烟后作稻的产量,烟后作稻施用适量氮磷钾肥即处理6,可分别增产20.3％、4.9％和9.0％.在试验条件下,烟后作稻的氮磷钾经济施肥量为N 1116 kg/hm2、P2O531 kg/hm,2、K2O 81 kg/hm2、预计产量7 926 kg/hm2.     

石家庄污灌区污水灌溉技术的研究

分析了国内外污水灌溉的研究和发展,以石家庄市污灌区为研究对象,在分析预测未来30年污水水质水量特点的基础上,采用不同的灌水技术,利用环境容量法,分析预测了在不同务件下土壤和作物中重金属和石油类浓度的发展以及相应的污清水的灌溉需水量。针对该灌区土壤现状和污水水质特点,提出了建议的合理污水灌溉技术,以保证以土壤为中心的生态系统的可持续发展。     

林果机械化采收技术与装备研究进展

机械化采收技术是制约林果产业发展的重要瓶颈。实现林果机械化采收是林果产业转变发展方式、节本增效、增强国际市场竞争力的重要途径之一,也是林果产业全程机械化和规模化的研究重点和难点。林果机械化采收的技术重点是高效低损采摘,最终目标是实现林果自动化、智能化、无人化采收。该文总结了中国林果种植分布情况现状,将现有林果机械化采收技术与装备系统地划分为一次性联合摘果采收和振动采收后集果捡拾,并对其研究现状和发展动态进行了阐述和剖析。在此基础上,结合林果产业发展要求和应用场景,归纳了国内林果机械化采收技术面临的机会和挑战,并提出兼顾不同需求发展高性能、高效率、高可靠的林果机械化采收装备建议,以期为促进林果业的现代化和高新技术推广提供参考。     

割秧后花生收获机捡拾装置设计与试验

先将秧蔓切割再进行收获可较好地实现覆膜种植花生秧蔓饲料化利用。该研究针对割秧后花生植株变短、横向尺寸变小、荚果-秧蔓比增加,原有收获机捡拾装置适应性差的问题,在已有花生捡拾收获技术基础上,对捡拾弹齿间距、弹齿转速、折弯角度、弹齿排数等关键结构和运动参数进行改进,研制了一种适于割秧后收获的弹齿式花生捡拾装置。运用SPSS软件对割秧后花生植株横向尺寸进行统计分析,确定了弹齿间距为7 cm;通过对花生植株低损捡拾和顺畅抛送条件的理论分析,在回转半径为21 cm的条件下,确定捡拾弹齿转速为60 r/min;通过对花生植株被弹齿捡起时的受力情况分析,确定捡拾弹齿折弯角度为102°,并根据铺放厚度,确定捡拾弹齿折弯部分长度为4 cm;建立捡拾弹齿齿尖运动方程,运用Matlab软件对不同排数弹齿齿尖运动轨迹进行分析,确定捡拾弹齿排数为6排。田间试验结果表明,弹齿式花生捡拾装置的平均捡拾率为98.07%,捡拾装置造成的平均落果率为1.23%;满足割秧后花生捡拾收获作业需求。该研究可为割秧后花生以及其他作物捡拾收获机具研发和改进提供借鉴。     

Effects of seedbed properties on crop emergence: 3. Effects of firming of seedbeds with various sowing depths and water contents

Abstract

Extensive experiments were carried out in shallow plastic boxes placed directly on the ground in the field to study the effects of seedbed properties on the emergence of various crops in a cool temperate climate. In a group of experiments with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), we studied the effects on crop emergence of firming (slight compaction) of the seedbed, simulating the recompacting effects of rolling after sowing or press wheels on the seed coulters. Most of the experiments were carried out without irrigation after sowing. The firming usually had a slightly positive effect on emergence when the water content in the surface layer at sowing was below the wilting point. When the water content in the surface layer was higher, firming often reduced emergence drastically, particularly with deep sowing and in coarse-textured soils. The main reason for negative effects was harmful hardening of the surface layer when the more firm seedbed gradually dried out. When irrigation kept the seedbed continuously moist, the negative effect of firming was almost eliminated. Very high initial water content in the basal layer tended to delay surface layer drying and hardening, and to reduce the negative effect of firming. Firming only slightly influenced the evaporative water losses from the soil. In contrast to the results presented here, previous field trials with cereals have usually resulted in more positive effects of rolling after sowing. This indicates that other effects than firming, such as modification of sowing depth and reshaping of the soil surface, are other important effects of rolling.     

抽穗后干旱复水对双季杂交晚稻产量形成和叶片δ13C及内源激素水平的影响

为探明生育后期干旱复水对双季杂交晚稻不同产量潜力品种产量的影响及其形成的生理机制,选择超级稻品种五丰优T025和对照品种金优207,于抽穗后进行干旱8d复水处理,分析了2个品种结实和产量、干旱前后倒二叶稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)及内源激素含量的差异性。结果表明,干旱复水处理下2个品种水稻的结实率、千粒重及单株产量较对照(保持水层)表现出不同程度下降。其中,结实率五丰优T025和金优207分别下降12.07%和7.67%,千粒重下降5.23%和9.09%,单株产量下降13.54%和27.14%,差异均达显著或极显著水平,未发现产量补偿效应。抽穗后干旱处理下倒二叶δ13C值,五丰优T025大幅上升,复水后呈现出先下降,至第6天又开始上升的特点,金优207则大幅下降,复水后呈现先上升后下降再上升的特点,五丰优T025较金优207干旱复水处理与对照之间的差距更大。总体上,对照条件下,抽穗至其后20d,随生育推进,2个品种倒二叶内源ABA和GA₃含量呈上升而IAA含量则下降趋势,ZR表现出先上升再下降特点。干旱处理下2个品种表现为ABA含量上升,复水后呈先下降后上升特点,五丰优T025较金优207处理与对照之间差距更大;干旱复水处理条件下:2个品种IAA含量均下降,五丰优T025处理与对照间的差距明显小于金优207;五丰优T025 GA₃含量表现出先上升后下降再上升,金优207表现出干旱处理结束日急剧下降至最低点,复水后缓慢上升特点;2个品种ZR含量呈现出先上升至最高值再下降特点,五丰优T025较金优207处理与对照之间差距更小。抽穗后干旱处理将启动稻株体内抗衰老机制,复水后将在一定程度一定时间内激活稻株体内生长促进因子并抑制生长抑制因子,但其效果十分有限。     

烘后玉米脂肪酸值变化情况的研究分析

采用标准扦样法,标准检测法,对吉林省中储粮分公司的承储的274万吨中央储备玉米烘后脂肪酸值变化情况的跟踪研究,结果表明玉米脂肪酸值变化与收购入库时间、玉米的成熟度、烘干工艺和储存时间的长短有着密切的关系,收购入库越滞后、玉米成熟度越差、烘干工艺越落后、烘后初始入库的脂肪酸值相对偏高,脂肪酸值变化升幅相对较快,同时脂肪酸值还随着储存时间的延长呈逐年上升趋势,储存时间越长,脂肪酸值升幅越大,最高的可达到重度不宜存。