Optimal Load Curtailment in Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluation

This paper studies the question for considering optimal load curtailment in bulk power system adequacy evaluation. A minimization model of load curtailment is utilized for the contingency states which may have load curtailment. In order to calculate realistic bus indexes, two practical load curtailment philosophies are incorporated in the minimization model of load curtailment, which is achieved in computer program developed for bulk power system reliability evaluation. The minimization model of load curtailment, correlated algorithms, and flow chart of program are given in this paper. The effectiveness and availability of the model are verified from two case studies.     

Meaning in Architecture and Landscape Architecture: Enhancement of Contemporary Design Practices Based on the Review of Postmodernism and Surrealism Aesthetic Philosophies

The study explored surrealist aesthetic philosophies in relation with referential postmodern architecture,and landscape architecture,to communicate meaning with the audience.These philosophies provide lessons about the potential of the built environment to address the emotional and psychological needs of the public,that is,to address the vital social,ecological,and functional needs of modern society.According to this,the purpose of the study was two-fold.The first is to analyze the visual techniques and forms that are used in referential postmodern architecture and landscape architecture in relation with surrealist aesthetic philosophies,to communicate meaning with the audience.Second is to demonstrate the relevance of these visual theories,to enhance contemporary design practices.The study emphasized the potential of art forms that provide meaning to address the physiological and spiritual needs of the society.Hence,it re-established landscape architecture as an art form capable of enriching human psychological and spiritual well-being,which is opposed to the conservative utilitarian natures of the field.