论外来词

随着科学技术的迅猛发展以及我国对外交往的日益频繁,外来词（借词）特别是英语词汇越来越多地渗透到我们的日常生活中.不少人对此表现出了很深的忧虑：这会不会破坏汉语文字的纯洁性？本文主要对外来词所涉及的内容、存在的依据、借用的形式以及应用等方面进行探讨,并着重指出外来词不会影响汉语的纯洁性;相反,外来词的借入会不断地丰富我们的语言宝库,因此人们应该以一种更开放的心态来吸纳外来词.     

Cubicle refusal in Norwegian dairy herds.

In order to survey the behaviour of choosing the alley area instead of a cubicle as a lying place (cubicle refusal), a questionnaire was sent to the 273 dairy farms in Norway known to keep cows in cubicle housing systems. Sixty-six percent of the farmers contacted were included in the study. The median herd size was 18 cows (range 7-118). More than 85% of the herds had sheds providing one or more cubicles per cow. The mean herd occurrence of cubicle refusal was 6%, but showed great variation (range 0-55%). Regression analysis showed a significant association between rearing heifers in slatted floor pens and an increased cubicle refusal occurrence (p = 0.02, R2 = 0.05), while herd size, use of litter, or cubicle-to-animal ratio were not found to be associated with cubicle refusal. The practice of rearing heifers in slatted floor pens accounted for about one half of the observed cubicle refusal (etiologic fraction = 0.51).     

农业产业化主体的困惑——个人理性与团体理性的冲突

龙头企业、中介服务机构和农户构成农业产业链条不可缺少的组成部分。任何一方对个人理性的盲目追求，会损害团体理性。因此，有必要对个人理性作适当的调整，以利于团体理性的发挥。     

UV‐light and dietary vitamin D and their effects on ionized calcium and 25‐OH‐D plasma concentrations in captive gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua)

In this study, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light and dietary vitamin D on calcium metabolism in permanently indoor‐housed gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua ) was investigated. The study consisted of three periods, each completed with blood samples to analyse plasma concentrations of 25‐OH‐D, 1,25‐(OH)₂‐D, ionized (iCa) and total calcium (tCa). During the first study period (D), animals were housed under routine conditions without UV‐light and fed a diet of different fish species, supplemented with 1,000 IU vitamin D per animal and day. The following study period (Baseline) of 28‐day duration consisted of the same diet without any vitamin D supplementation and without UV‐light. During the study period (UVB) artificial UV‐light was added for 3 weeks. The vitamin D content of fish was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. It varied between fish species and between facilities, ranging from no measurable content in capelin (Mallotus villosus ) to 7,340 IU vitamin D/kg original matter (OM) in herring (Clupea spp). The average dietary vitamin D content was 311 IU/kg OM at facility 1 and 6,325 IU/kg OM at facility 2, resulting in a vitamin D intake per animal and day without supplementation of 130 IU (25.5 IU/kg body weight BW) and 2,454 IU (438.2 IU/kg BW) respectively. The supplementation of vitamin D elevated significantly the plasma concentrations of 25‐OH‐D by an intraindividual difference of 15 (range ?2 to 59) nmol/L and tCa by 0.1 (0.0–0.3) mmol/L only at facility 2. The exposure to UV‐light raised the blood concentrations of tCa at facility 2 by 0.15 (0.1–0.2) mmol/L, and of iCa and tCa for females at facility 1 by 0.23 (0.13–0.41) mmol/L and 1.8 (1.1–2.5) mmol/L respectively. No significant influence of the study periods (D) and (UVB) was found for the concentrations of 1,25‐(OH)₂‐D at both facilities.     

农户参与农房抵押贷款意愿的研究——基于山东、安徽228户农户的调查

通过对山东省潍坊市、安徽省安庆市的228户农户进行实地问卷调查,研究并分析了农户对农房抵押贷款的参与意愿及相关原因。研究结果表明:农户对于农房抵押贷款具有一定参与意愿,不同地区农户参与意愿有着较为明显的差异,被调查农户中潍坊市农户参与意愿高于安庆市农户;对农房生活保障功能的依赖是阻碍农户参与的主要原因;金融机构的正规性、自身的偿还能力以及政策细节与稳定性是农户在选择参与农房抵押贷款时所关注的主要方面;在政策期望方面,简化抵押贷款的手续步骤、加大政策宣传、降低贷款利息等得到较高关注。     

Distances Walked by Long Established and Newcomer Horses in an Open Stable System in Northern Germany

Group housing is claimed to possibly provide horses with a species-appropriate movement possibility, and hence, better welfare. Thus, this study analyzed the daily walked distances of 51 horses held in one group in a “HIT Active Stable” (Hinrichs Innovation + Technik) in Northern Germany by using global positioning system (GPS) technology during a 7 ½-month time span. The daily walking distances of the whole group, as well as newcomers, were investigated. The horses traveled an average of 8.43 km/day. Linear mixed models were applied. The observation day had a significant effect on the daily walking distances (P < .01) due to season and the available area per horse. The age as covariate also had a significant effect (P < .01). The breed had no significant effect (P = .96). No significant differences were found in sex (P = .69), which can be explained by the fact that only mares and geldings were investigated, which do not show increasing locomotion caused by sexual behavior as stallions do. On six of the first nine days, new horses moved significantly more compared to the remaining 24 of the 30 observation days directly after individuals’ inclusion. This is probably due to more exploration and rank-fighting behavior. Similar walking distances were seen among the horses on the single observation days because all horses had to travel the same distance to reach resources. Further, it is suspected that not all horses can sufficiently live out their urges to move, especially in winter, when pasture is inaccessible.     

未成年人个人信息权民法保护的立法思考

随着互联网的迅猛发展，公民个人信息被侵害的事件频频发生，未成年人是一特殊的弱势群体，个人信息被侵害的事件更是屡见不鲜，应加强对未成年人个人信息权的民法保护。个人信息权是一项新型、独立的人格权，将个人信息权作为一项重要的民事权利在人格权法中予以确认，同时，制定一部《个人信息保护法》对个人信息权进行专门保护，对个人信息权保护的法律体系中，应对未成年人这一弱势群体进行特殊保护，或制定一部未成年人个人信息保护特别法，或在《个人信息保护法》中对未成年人个人信息单列章节进行保护，为未成年人的成长营造一个健康、安全的环境。     

Free-range system and supplementation of 25-hydroxicholecalciferol increases the performance and serum vitamin levels in mixed-parity sows

Improvements in sow productivity have raised questions regarding dietary vitamin D recommendations. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the housing system with access to sunlight exposure and supplementation of 25-hydroxicholecalciferol on performance and serum levels of 25(OH)D₃ in sows during gestation and lactation. Sows were distributed in an experimental design with two housing systems: gestation crates or gestation free-range system with external area for sunlight exposure; and two diets: 0 or 50 μg of 25-hydroxicholecalciferol kg⁻¹. The use of 25-hydroxicholecalciferol tended (P = 0.052) to improve total born and influenced (P = 0.046) on number of born alive. Litter weight at birth was also increased (P = 0.01) by 25-hydroxicholecalciferol supplementation; 25-hydroxicholecalciferol supplementation and housing system (free-range with sunlight exposure) tended to increase weaning weight (P = 0.07) and litter daily gain (P = 0.051) during lactation. Exposure to sunlight and 25-hydroxicholecalciferol supplementation increased 25(OH)D₃ serum levels when compared with control treatment during gestation (136.95 vs. 113.92 ng mL⁻¹; P = 0.035) and lactation (120.29 vs. 88.93 ng mL⁻¹; P = 0.026). In conclusion, the association of 25-hydroxicholecalciferol supplementation with exposure to sunlight during gestation improved significantly 25(OH)D₃ serum levels and consequently performance traits in gestation and lactation.     

Research on Financing Plan for International Cooperative Project in Housing Industrialization

Housing industry is a prop industry with great potential, but it is restricted by shortage of funds. So it is necessary to probe the financing system of housing industrialization in China. This paper puts forward a financing plan for the international cooperative project in industrialized housing in Chongqing. Furthermore, it investigates the concrete financing system of the whole housing industry.     

Opportunities and Challenges in Chinese Housing Industry

This article studies the opportunities and challenges in housing industry in China and proposes its development tendency.