Threats to at-risk salmonids of the Canadian Rocky Mountain region

Trout and charr, members of the salmonid family, have high conservation value but are also susceptible to anthropogenic threats in part due to the specificity of their habitat requirements. Understanding historical and future threats facing these species is necessary to promote their recovery. Of freshwater trout and charr in the Canadian Rocky Mountain region, westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus; a charr species) and Athabasca rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are of conservation concern. And indeed, range contractions and declining populations are evident throughout much of their ranges. Range contraction was most evident in the southern Alberta designatable unit (DU) of westslope cutthroat trout. Diminished populations were also evident in the downstream watersheds of the Alberta bull trout range, and throughout the Athabasca rainbow trout range. We assessed historical and future threats to evaluate the relative importance of individual threats to each DU and compare their impact among species. Individual threats fall into the broad categories of angling, non-native species and genes, habitat loss and alteration, and climate change. Severity of each threat varies by DU and reflects the interaction between species’ biology and the location of the DU. Severity of threats facing each DU has changed over time, reflecting extirpation of native populations, changes in management and industry best practices, expansion of non-native species and progressing climate change. The overall threat impact for each DU indicates a high probability of substantial and continuing declines and calls for immediate action.     

论城中村农民的现代化改造

针对当前我国城中村改造中存在的一些问题,以系统论为基础,对城中村改造工作的方向和改造工作应遵循的基本原则予以一定的分析,提出城中村改造工作的重点和关键所在是对城中村农民的现代化改造。进一步阐述了城中村农民的现代化改造对于推进城中村改造的重要意义。     

A test for interaction between brown trout (Salmo trutta) and inanga (Galaxias maculatus) in an artificial stream

Abstract –  The interaction between brown trout ( Salmo trutta ; fork length (FL) range 255–390 mm) and inanga ( Galaxias maculatus ; FL range 55–115 mm) was tested during summer through autumn in an artificial stream consisting of a single run-riffle-pool sequence with a natural food supply. Each experimental trial lasted for 15 days, and consisted of two brown trout and 50 inanga collected fresh from a nearby stream, with each species given prior residence in four replicate tests, totalling eight trials in all. In addition, two control trials (each 10 days), with 50 inanga in each, were run. Brown trout almost exclusively occupied the pool, whereas inanga occupied all habitat types, although in different proportions, when tested with and without brown trout. The proportion of inanga in the pool was appreciably lower in the experimental trials with brown trout than in the control trials with no brown trout; prior residence had no significant effect on inanga habitat use. Mortality of inanga attributable to predation by brown trout ranged from 0 to 40% with a mean of 14.5 ± 4.7%. The results suggest that habitat use and survival of inanga populations in small streams can be adversely affected by brown trout.     

浅谈延边社会主义新农村建设

建设社会主义新农村全面体现了新时代、新形势下农村经济、政治、文化和社会发展的要求,涉及到农村物质文明建设、政治文明建设、精神文明建设。要提高农民整体素质,培育新型农民;要统筹城乡发展;要提高农民生活水准;要促进乡风文明;要提高民主素质;要保持农村共产党员的先进性。     

拓展农机职业教育引领农民职业转化

农民职业转化是农业经济高速发展的必然要求．农民的文化科技素质较低制约了农民职业转化。如何提高农民素质，推进农民职业高质量转化已成为当今农村经济发展的焦点问题。作为农村职业教育基础的农机培训部门，要利用自身条件与优势，在培训教育市场中去拼搏，必须加强自身建设。适应市场变化需要，面对市场竞争，形成职业教育自我特色．才能走在农民职业培训的前列，引领农民职业转化。     

应用底栖动物完整性指数评价水源地水库溪流健康状态

及时了解水源地水库入库溪流的水生态健康状态对保障供水安全十分重要。依据2010-2011年对浙江省水源地汤浦水库的环境和底栖动物观测资料建立了底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)。根据Shannon-Wiener指数、百分比模式相似性指数(PMA)和多元统计分析结果对参照条件进行量化并确立参照点群。从60个候选参数中筛选出6个核心参数参与构建B-IBI指标体系,采用四分法进行量纲的统一,以参照点群25%分位值作为水生态系统健康与否的阈值,并对小于25%的分位值分布范围进行2等分,确立了水源地汤浦水库入库溪流健康评价标准:B-IBI>25.50,健康;B-IBI 12.75～25.50,亚健康;B-IBI<12.75,差。B-IBI分值与溶氧水平和pH显著正相关(P<0.05)。     

流媒体应用技术浅谈

通过北京市顺义电视台(顺广传媒网),在WEB视频流媒体点播工程中的实际应用,探讨在广电行业节目生产过程中,使用流媒体技术需要克服的技术难点.     

农村居民点用地的多功能性划分及其农户利用差异性评价

受农户生计方式多元化和城市文化的影响,农村居民点内部用地分工更为明显且呈多功能性,探讨农村居民点用地的多功能性及农户个体利用的差异性特征,既利于客观测算农村居民点用地资产价值,又能为合理设计农民新居内部构型提供理论基础。研究以重庆市江津区燕坝村1 923处农村居民点用地为研究对象,在农村居民点用地的多功能性划分基础上构建多功能评价指标体系,测算农村居民点用地的优势功能,进而辨析不同生计类型农户的农村居民点用地优势功能差异性。其结果为:按照二级分类体系,农村居民点用地可划分为居住用地、农业生产用地、非农生产用地、附属用地4个1级地类,堂屋用地、圈舍养殖用地、院落用地等11个2级地类;不同生计类型农户的农村居民点用地优势功能差异明显,农业专业化发展型农户以农业生产功能为主导(优势度达1.987 8),而兼业发展型农户优势功能不明显,具均衡性;农业多样化发展型农户、非农多样化发展型农户、非农专业化发展型农户分别以服务功能(优势度1.873 0)、居住功能(优势度1.569 2)、非农生产功能(优势度2.387 9)为主导。农户生计方式与农村居民点用地优势功能是相适应的,农民新居建设应根据不同生计类型农户的生计方式设计不同的农村居民点用地组合模式。     

新生代农民工职业流动特征分析——基于辽宁省不同城市规模的调查

研究不同城市规模下新生代农民工职业流动情况,并分析新生代农民工个人特征和务工经历与职业流动稳定性之间的联系。结果表明：大部分新生代农民工平均1 a换一次工作;小城市务工的新生代农民工职业流动稳定性低于大城市和中等城市;男性、年龄较大、已婚、进城务工年限较长的新生代农民工职业流动更稳定。     

广西一次冬季暴雨的水汽特征分析

为分析2012 年1 月13—15 日广西暴雨过程的水汽来源、急流的输送作用和水汽饱和程度等特征,使用天气学分析和动力诊断的方法分析NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料、红外云图等资料。结果表明：孟加拉湾和南海是本次暴雨过程的2 个水汽源地,500~700 hPa 中低空西南急流的建立和加强使孟加拉湾成为主要水源地,加强了暴雨区的水汽供应。而这支急流的维持依赖于200 hPa加强的副热带锋区西风急流入口区南侧的强辐散作用。不同源地的水汽输送高度不同,水汽通量中心出现在700 hPa。600 hPa 以下为水汽通量辐合层,700~850 hPa 辐合强度远大于925~1000 hPa;水汽通量中心在暴雨区的上风方,水汽辐合中心在水汽通量中心沿气流去向的一侧,700~850 hPa 叠加的辐合中心处即为暴雨区,辐合高度的升高、湿层剧烈向上扩展都可作为暴雨征兆。以上分析得出了冬季暴雨过程中水汽条件的形成机制,得出预报着眼点,对提高此类暴雨预报准确率有较大作用。