2008-2009年度河北、河南、四川和江苏四省冬小麦区试品系的遗传多样性和抗条锈性分析

探讨2008-2009年度河北、河南、四川、江苏四省参加区试的70个小麦品系的遗传多样性和抗条锈性,以期了解小麦种质资源间的遗传差异,并为小麦品种抗条锈病基因的合理布局提供科学依据。采用亲缘系数（coefficient of parentage, COP）分析2008-2009年度四省的70个供试小麦品系的2 415对组合并进行聚类分析,同时,对这70个品系接种条锈菌混合菌系CYR32、CYR31、CYR33、CYR30和CYR29,进行抗条锈性鉴定。供试的所有品系的COP值的变化范围在0.000 0～0.750 0之间,COP值的总和为24.607 5,其平均值为0.010 2。聚类分析分为6大类,聚为一类的多为同一个骨干亲本培育的品系且它们的抗性相似,说明使用同一骨干亲本抗病性得到了较好的遗传,但使用同一亲本降低了小麦品种间的遗传多样性。增大对亲缘关系较远的品种的应用,有利于增加小麦品种间的遗传多样性,创造出更多的优异种质。小麦条锈病抗性鉴定结果表明,四省的小麦区试品系对条锈病感病和抗病分别占总参试品系的57.14%和40%,其中,四川抗病品系占参试品系的61.55%,总体上看抗条锈性相对较好,其他三省抗条锈性相对较差,抗病品种选育工作亟待加强。     

Microsatellite variability in natural populations of the blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnick, 1768): a database to access parentage assignment in aquaculture

Eight microsatellite loci previously reported were assessed for their utility in parentage assignment in 96 individuals belonging to natural populations of the blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnick, 1768) from the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic regions. At the mtDNA level, no differentiation was found between these two regions but based on microsatellite data an overall discrete genetic differentiation is perceivable between the two regions separated by the Strait of Gibraltar. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 30. A database constructed with allele frequency data from six populations was used in a simulation parentage assignment test using the software cervus . The test showed that the number of markers used is enough to perform parentage assignments with real data. The polymorphic information content for each locus was very high (mean value of 0.849), with a total exclusionary power of 0.9995. In summary, seven of the eight microsatellites analysed proved to be sufficient and powerful tools for parentage assignment in hatcheries and the allele frequency data given here can be used to perform pedigree analysis against which real data may be tested.     

Development of SNP markers for individual identification and parentage test in a Japanese Black cattle population

This study describes the development of efficient single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for individual identification and parentage tests in a Japanese Black cattle population. An amplified fragment length polymorphism method was employed to detect informative candidate markers, and yielded 44 SNP markers from 220 primer combinations. 29 unlinked SNPs were finally selected as diagnostic markers. The allelic frequencies for each marker were estimated by using PCR‐RFLP in the Japanese Black population. Based on the frequency data, the estimated identity power of these markers was 2.73 × 10^?12. Parentage exclusion probabilities, when both suspected parents' genotypes were known and when only one suspected parent was genotyped, were estimated as 0.96929 and 0.99693, respectively. This panel of SNP markers is theoretically sufficient for individual identification, and would also be a powerful tool for a parentage test in Japanese Black cattle. The markers could contribute to the management of the beef industry in Japan.     

Dispersal and tributary immigration by juvenile coho salmon contribute to spatial expansion during colonisation

Anadromous fishes are frequently restricted by artificial barriers to movement such as dams and culverts, so measuring dispersal helps identify sites where improved connectivity could promote range expansion and population viability. We used a combination of DNA‐based parentage analysis and mark–recapture techniques to evaluate dispersal by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a population in the initial stages of colonisation following installation of fish passage structures at a previously impassable dam on the Cedar River, WA, USA. The spatial distribution of individuals within maternal families revealed that dispersal was common. Among the offspring of radio‐tagged mothers, 28% were collected outside the spawning reach and dispersed up to 6.3 km (median = 1.5 km). Most juveniles captured in a tributary (Rock Creek, where few adults spawned) had immigrated from the Cedar River and represented many different families. Juvenile dispersal therefore provided a secondary phase of spatial expansion following initial colonisation by adults. Consistent with the condition‐dependent dispersal hypothesis, juveniles that dispersed farther upstream in the tributary were larger than fish collected near the tributary mouth. Overall, the results demonstrated widespread dispersal in a system with low coho salmon densities, and this might increase the rate of population growth if it reduces the effects of local density dependence. By implication, juveniles can take advantage of rearing habitats reconnected through barrier removal, even when such areas are located several kilometres from adult breeding grounds.     

Parentage testing of Thoroughbred horse in Korea using microsatellite DNA typing

The present study was to construct a parentage testing system for Thoroughbred (TB) horse. A total number of 1,285 TB horse samples including 962 foals for parentage testing, 9 sires and 314 dams for individual identification were genotyped. Genomic DNA was extracted from 5 hair roots and genotyped by using 14 microsatellite markers (AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG10, LEX3 and VHL20). This method consisted of multiplexing PCR procedure and showed reasonable amplification of all PCR products. Genotypes were determined by genetic analyzer. The number of alleles per locus varied from 3 to 9 with a mean value of 6.36 in TB horse. The expected heterozygosity was ranged from 0.548 to 0.831 (mean 0.699), and the total exclusion probability of 14 microstellite loci was 0.9998. Of the 14 markers, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, HMS7 and HTG10 loci have relatively high PIC value (> 0.7). Of the 962 foals, 960 foals were qualified by compatibility according to the Mendelism. These results suggest that the DNA typing method has high potential for parentage verification and individual identification of TB horses.     

Multiple paternity,reproductive skew and correlates of male reproductive success in a wild population of the Trinidadian guppy

Abstract – In most species, males have a higher reproductive potential than females, leading to skewed reproductive success, particularly in mating systems where pre‐ or postcopulatory sexual selection reinforces inequality in male mating success. We investigated multiple paternity, reproductive skew and correlates of male reproductive success in a wild population of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). We used nine microsatellite loci to assess the frequency of multiple paternity, number of sires per brood and reproductive skew. Across broods, the frequency of multiple paternity was high with 94% of broods having multiple sires (range: 1–5), resulting in a reproductive skew of 0.14. Variation in male reproductive success was high (range: 0–14 offspring per male), suggesting that there is considerable opportunity for sexual selection. Next, we examined correlations between male reproductive success and sexual coloration, sperm velocity and gonopodium length. Relative area of orange, black, iridescent and total coloration, and sperm velocity were not correlated with reproductive success. However, gonopodium length explained 14% of the variation in reproductive success, suggesting that gonopodium length is likely a sexually selected trait. We discuss these findings in the light of other studies that genetically dissect joint‐sex parentage and examine correlates of male reproductive success in wild populations.     

转基因克隆绵羊的亲子鉴定

利用IASG上公布的绵/山羊的11个微卫星标记,鉴定转基因克隆羊与供体细胞系和代孕母羊间的亲子关系。结果表明转基因克隆羊与供体细胞系之间11个微卫星标记的基因型一致,而与代孕母羊基因型差异很大,由此确定转基因克隆羊来源于供体细胞系。     

2010-2011年度四省小麦区试品种遗传多样性和抗条锈性分析

为探讨2010-2011年度四川、甘肃、河北、河南四省参加区试的小麦品种的遗传多样性和抗条锈性,采用亲缘系数(coefficient of parentage,COP)对92个供试小麦品种进行遗传多样性分析,利用各品种组合间的COP值进行聚类分析;对供试小麦品种接种条锈混合菌系CYR33、CYR32、CYR31、CYR30、CYR29、CYR17、Su-1和V26进行抗条锈性鉴定.结果表明,供试的92个品种的4 186对组合中,约14.76％的品种间存在遗传相似性,所有供试品种的COP值在0.0000～0.7500之间,亲缘系数总和为95.793 9,平均值仅为0.022 9,通过对COP值的聚类分析,将供试材料分为8大类,聚为一类的大多数品种抗病性相似,说明其骨干亲本的抗病性被很好地遗传了;甘肃、四川品种对小麦条锈病的抗性较强,河南、河北品种相对较弱.表明甘肃、四川品种的遗传多样性相对较高,河南品种的遗传多样性相对较低.     

杂交粳稻不育系的遗传多样性

为探讨粳稻遗传多样性,为粳稻不育系的改良提供依据,对我国杂交粳稻中的40个不育系进行亲缘系数分析。结果表明,约60%不育系间的亲缘系数(COP)值为0,COP值变异范围为0.00~0.75,平均值仅为0.03,大多数不育系在系谱上的遗传关系很小或无遗传关系。通过COP聚类分析,供试不育系聚为6个类群,第1个类群共有10个不育系,核心亲本为农垦58;第2个类群共有20个不育系,初步系谱分析表明,他们都是藤板5号的衍生系;第3个类群共有7个不育系,均为农垦57的后代;第4、5、6类群均仅有1个不育系,这些不育系之间以及与其他类群之间的不育系没有共同的祖先亲本。认为,粳稻不育系间系谱上的遗传差异较大,遗传多样性较高。