Preserving Indiana's Agricultural History

ABSTRACT

Maize gruel was prepared by traditional and improved methods. Improved maize gruel (IMGF) took less time (24 hours) than traditional maize gruel (TMGF) (72 hours) to prepare. TMGF was lower in protein (6.7%) than IMGF (11.4%). A higher yield was observed for IMGF (99.4%) than for TMGF (60%). IMGF substituted with okra meal flour at 40% yielded the highest protein (21.9%), fat (13.08%), crude fibre (9.04%), and ash (2.60%). Higher amylograph peak viscosity was noted for TMGF as compared to other ogi (maize gruel) samples.

Sensory scores indicate that none of the samples were rejected, although lower scores were given to fortified ogi samples as the level of fortification was increased. The improvement in the nutritional attributes of maize gruel samples will reduce the problem of protein malnutrition.     

Simultaneous use of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium and nitrogenous fertilizers may help in promoting growth,yield, and nutritional quality of okra

This study was conducted to evaluate the simultaneous use of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (QS1) and different combinations of urea-nitrogen and biogas slurry-nitrogen for improving growth, yield, and nutritional quality of field grown okra. The isolate QS1 was identified as Bacillus sp. QS1 based on its ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequence analysis. Results revealed that among the combinations, the application of 50% urea-nitrogen + 50% biogas slurry-nitrogen was optimal for improving crop performance. This combination significantly (p ≤ 0.05) promoted okra growth viz. plant height (69.63–80.03 cm), no of branches per plant (14–18), shoot fresh weight (86.66–136.25 g/plant), root fresh weight (22.5–26.58 g/plant), and fruit yield (8.5–13.5 kg/plot) compared to the plants receiving 100% urea-nitrogen. The interactive effective of this nitrogen combination and QS1 inoculation produced the highest growth and yield response. Similarly, the same treatment improved nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and protein contents in shoot and fruit of okra compared to other treatments.     

枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的研制及其对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果

 以枯草芽胞杆菌母药为研究对象,通过对载体、分散剂、表面活性剂、保护剂的筛选,确定了枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂的最佳配方。其配方为:枯草芽胞杆菌母药50%、载体白炭黑20%、分散剂萘磺酸钠盐甲醛缩合物(NNO)2%、表面活性剂烷基萘磺酸盐(EFW)3%、保护剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)1.5%、载体硅藻土补足至100%。测定结果表明:枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂含菌量为2.11×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1,分散指数89.56,浮游指数87.57,坡度角74°,pH 6.1,杂菌率2.1%,含水率0.67%,粒径8.15 μm,热贮分解率为4.67%,产品各项指标均达到标准。盆栽条件下,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂用量1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果优于治疗效果,防效分别为89.08%和84.95%;田间试验,枯草芽胞杆菌微粉剂在用量为1 000 g·(hm²)^-1时喷粉对黄瓜白粉病的保护效果为80.66%。     

杏鲍菇秋葵咀嚼片配方优化与质量标准研究

为了优选杏鲍菇秋葵咀嚼片配方,以杏鲍菇粗多糖、杏鲍菇超细粉为主要原料,采用全粉末直接压片技术,选取片重差异、崩解时限、硬度及脆碎度的综合评定值为评价指标,通过响应面法确定最佳配方,并制定产品的质量指标。结果表明,杏鲍菇秋葵咀嚼片的最佳配方为杏鲍菇粗多糖38%、杏鲍菇超细粉49%和黄秋葵超细粉13%,制成的咀嚼片表面光滑、色泽均匀。综上,采用多指标综合评分法优化杏鲍菇秋葵咀嚼片配方是可行的,所得工艺配方稳定可靠,这为我国咀嚼片剂工艺创新及其产业化应用研究提供了新思路。     

不同贮藏温度和保鲜处理对黄秋葵贮藏品质及生理的影响

为探讨采后不同贮藏温度对黄秋葵贮藏品质的影响以及不同保鲜剂对黄秋葵抗氧化酶活性的影响,以台湾“五福”黄秋葵为试材,分别置于低温（（4±1）℃、（9±1）℃、（14±1）℃）和常温（（20±1）℃）条件下贮藏,研究温度对其贮藏品质的影响;采用1.0%壳聚糖、5.0 mmol/L水杨酸、0.5片安喜布、5%O2+8%CO2处理黄秋葵,研究保鲜处理对其抗氧化酶活力的影响。结果表明：（9±1）℃贮藏组的保鲜效果最好,显著改善了贮藏期间黄秋葵的失重率、硬度、叶绿素含量、VC含量、L值、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、MDA含量、细胞膜相对电导率;4种保鲜处理均能显著提高黄秋葵的SOD、POD、CAT活性,并维持其活性在相对较高的水平;同时,显著抑制黄秋葵果实MDA含量的升高。通过研究发现,壳聚糖涂膜液处理组的效果最佳,水杨酸处理组次之并优于1-MCP处理组,气调处理组的效果相对较差。     

响应面法优化黄秋葵酸奶发酵工艺

以冷冻干燥的黄秋葵粉和鲜牛奶为主要原料,经乳酸菌发酵生产黄秋葵酸奶。以酸奶的持水率和感官评价为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,利用响应曲面分析法,对黄秋葵酸奶生产工艺进行优化。结果表明:确定黄秋葵酸奶生产的最优工艺参数为黄秋葵粉添加量0.37%、接种量4.1%、发酵时间5.3 h和发酵温度41.8℃。在此条件下黄秋葵酸奶的综合评分为0.989 5,理论值0.999 1与试验值的相对偏差为0.97%。所制得的黄秋葵酸奶口感细腻、香气淡雅、风味独特,且基本理化指标符合国家标准。     

扶正解毒散及其超微粉体外抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒药效比较

采用鸡胚法和细胞法2种体外抗病毒试验比较扶正解毒超微粉(FZSM)和扶正解毒散(FZ)的抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)效果。鸡胚法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定2种煎煮液对IBDV ELD50的影响。细胞法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,加入到长成单层的CEF中继续培养,观察并统计各孔的细胞病变(CPE)。结果显示,FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液均可以降低IBDV的病毒滴度和CPE抑制率,高浓度效果优于低浓度;同浓度FZSM效果优于FZ;预防作用效果优于治疗作用效果。结果表明FZSM和FZ均具有体外抗IBDV的作用,且FZSM效果优于FZ。     

黄秋葵研究进展与前景

通过查阅国内外黄秋葵大量的研究,概述了黄秋葵资源、育种、植物学特性、栽培技术、应用价值、快速繁殖技术、种子生理等研究进展与发展前景,为深入开展黄秋葵利用和新品种选育提供参考。     

The reproductive biology of okra. 1. Study of the breeding system in four Abelmoschus species

Summary The breeding system of Abelmoschus species is not well known. Although being self-compatibles allogamy reaches 63%. The aim of the study was to place four Abelmoschus species on the log P/O scale devised by Cruden (1977). On this scale P = pollen grains per anther × anthers per flower and O = ovules production. Pollens and ovules productions were therefore assessed for 68 accessions of two cultivated species, A. esculentus and A. caillei, and two wild, A. manihot and A. moschatus. Extreme log P/O values ranged from 1.69 for the variety Clemson Spineliss (A. esculentus) to 2.94 for ORS 278 (A. manihot). Averages of wild species A. moschatus (2.17) and A. manihot (2.19) indicate facultative autogamy. Averages for cultivated species A. esculentus (2.00) and A. caillei (2.05) suggest more autogamy.