Segregation and linkage analysis of DNA markers in microspore derived and F2 populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Summary The segregation of RFLP and RAPD markers was compared in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding populations from the cross Topas x R4, the latter being a low linolenic mutation line. A total progeny of 68 F₂ and 40 microspore derived plants were studied with 25 markers. The results indicated a significant excess of Topas alleles at five RAPD loci in the microspore derived population. This suggests that genomic regions which probably affect microspore culture ability do not have identical distribution in the two population types.     

银杏幼胚离体培养再生植株的研究

 以佛手银杏幼胚为外植体, 研究了不同大小幼胚在不同培养条件下, 愈伤组织和胚状体的诱导发育情况。结果表明: 大于3 mm的幼胚, 在MK +NAA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1} +BA 1.0 mg·L ^{- 1}培养基上胚状体诱导率最高, 达到53.6% , 最多的一块愈伤组织形成多达38个胚状体。暗培养不利于胚状体的发生。在MK培养基上添加10%椰汁对胚状体的生长发育有很好的促进作用, 有34.5%生长成苗。     

四川‘竹根姜’胚性细胞悬浮系的建立与植株再生

 选用四川省地方品种‘竹根姜’的茎尖组织建立了体细胞胚性细胞悬浮系, 并通过悬浮培养获得了姜再生植株。结果表明悬浮细胞干质量受pH影响。接种量和AgNO₃ 对悬浮细胞的生长都有影响:最佳接种量为1.0% , 最适AgNO₃浓度为6.0 mg·L ^{- 1}。胚性细胞悬浮系增殖后, 接种到前期筛选的成熟分化培养基上获得了再生植株。     

利用游离小孢子培养育成早熟大白菜新品种‘豫新5号’

 ‘豫新5号’是采用游离小孢子培养双单倍体育种技术选育的一代杂种，该品种生育期60 d，单球质量23 kg，球形指数1.35，高抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病，净菜产量56.7 t·hm^-2，可兼作早熟、晚熟栽培。     

芥蓝游离小孢子培养初报

 以芥蓝的5个基因型为试材，对游离小孢子培养诱导胚状体发生及植株再生进行了初步探讨。结果表明：供体基因型对成功诱导胚状体发生至关重要；振荡培养明显有利于胚状体的发育；改良MS和B培养基对诱导植株再生没有差别。     

球根海棠离体培养的形态发生研究

 球根海棠外植体可在同一条件下同时诱导不定芽和胚状体, 经间接途径和直接途径的体细胞胚胎发生频率均很高, 体细胞胚为单细胞起源或多细胞起源。以再生嫩叶为继代中间体, 在较高温度(28 ℃) 下诱导, 可建立高效扩繁体系。纵切芽丛继代形成大量愈伤组织, 愈伤组织继代半年后几乎完全丧失分化能力, 发生激素驯化作用, 而且愈伤组织细胞染色体数目已发生广泛变异。     

Effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted during embryogenesis on chick development and hatchability

The level of artificial electromagnetic field (EMF) has steadily increased with the development of human civilization. The developing chicken embryo has been considered a good model to study the effects of EMF on living organisms. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field during embryogenesis on the frequency of chick embryo malformations, morphometric parameters of the heart and liver and concentration of corticosterone in blood plasma, lipid and glycogen content in the liver of newly hatched chicks. A 1800 MHz EMF was found to shorten the duration of embryogenesis (earlier pipping and hatching of chicks) while having no effect on the quantity and quality of chicks and on increasing the incidence of embryo malformations. Exposure of chick embryos to EMF caused decreases in relative heart weight and right ventricle wall thickness. The pipping and hatching of chicks can be accelerated by stressful impact of EMF, which is confirmed by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone concentrations and decrease in fat and glycogen in the liver of chicks exposed during embryogenesis on the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 1800 MHz.     

大白菜游离小孢子培养技术高效体系的研究

以大白菜吉红82、#534DH 群体及#438 群体为试材，研究了利用细胞破碎仪机械提取小孢子与人工挤压提取小孢子对大白菜游离小孢子活力及提取量的影响。结果表明：机械提取替代人工挤压可在短时间内同时提取多份样品，并可快速调整小孢子的培养浓度。收集40 个适期花蕾于5 mL 离心管内，3 000 r·min-1 破碎10 s，将提取的小孢子定容于25 mL NLN-13 培养基，可确保小孢子浓度在适宜培养范围内，并成功诱导胚胎发生。     

转MsLEA4-4基因拟南芥株系的耐盐性分析

为了深入研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）MsLEA4-4基因的抗逆性，本试验对前期获得的转MsLEA4-4基因的拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）株系进行不同浓度盐胁迫处理，以验证MsLEA4-4基因在拟南芥植株体内的耐盐性。试验结果表明：盐胁迫后转基因株系的发芽率达到55%，比对照植株（Control plant，CK）高81%；转基因株系的鲜重、叶绿素含量均高于CK（P<0.05）；盐胁迫后转基因株系的存活率比CK提高75.0%~81.3%；盐胁迫明显抑制根系生长，但转基因植株的侧根数量比CK多4~5根（P<0.05）；盐胁迫后转基因株系体内的可溶性糖含量（P<0.05）和超氧化物歧化酶（P<0.01），过氧化氢酶（P<0.01），过氧化物酶（P<0.05）活性均高于CK，脯氨酸（P<0.01）和丙二醛（P<0.05）含量均低于CK。综上可得，MsLEA4-4基因参与了拟南芥体内的耐盐性调控，提高了转基因拟南芥对盐胁迫的耐受性。本研究为进一步探索MsLEA4-4在转基因紫花苜蓿盐胁迫中的功能及培育耐盐性紫花苜蓿品种提供依据。