山竹蒂腐病病菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究

鉴定山竹蒂腐病的病菌．并对该病菌的生物学特性进行研究。根据病菌的培养性状、形态特征、寄主范围和致病性等特性．认为引起山竹蒂腐病的病原菌为可可球二孢菌（Botryodiplodi。theobromaePat．）。该菌菌丝生长的温度范围为10~40℃,最适为28~32℃;孢子萌发的温度范围为5～40℃,最适为28~32℃;在pH值3～11该菌均能生长,最适pH值为5～7;在全光照条件下,该菌菌丝生长最快;在供试碳源中,仅D-木糖不利于该菌菌丝生长,其它7种碳源对菌丝生长的影响无显著差异;在供试氮源中,牛肉膏、蛋白胨、硫酸铵和硝酸钠为最适氮源：该菌菌丝的致死温度为60℃．时间为10min。     

海南保亭山竹子丰产栽培管理技术

山竹子原产马来西亚,20世纪60年代开始在海南引种栽培,现已经在海南省保亭县及周边地区形成规模种植。针对保亭地区的气候及山竹子结果树的生长特征,结合生产实际,从树冠管理、水分管理、施肥管理、病虫害防治、果实采收、采后处理等方面,介绍山竹子结果树的丰产栽培及管理技术,为山竹子种植户提供技术参考。     

Microbial population in the rumen of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) as influenced by coconut oil and mangosteen peel supplementation

Four, rumen fistulated swamp buffalo bulls were used to study microbial populations in the rumen when supplemented with coconut oil and mangosteen peel. Animals were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Four treatments were un‐supplemented (Control), supplementation with coconut oil at 50 g/kg (CO5), supplementation with mangosteen peel at 30 g/kg (MP3) and supplementation with CO5 and MP3 (COM), of total DM intake. Animals received concentrate at 10 g/kg of BW, and rice straw was given ad libitum. Abundance of total bacteria was increased by CO5 supplementation, whereas populations of protozoa and Fibrobacter succinogenes were reduced by CO5 and COM supplementation. Dietary supplementation did not affect methanogen, Ruminococcus flavefaciens or Ruminococcus albus abundances. Dietary treatments changed denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band patterns of methanogens and protozoa when compared with the control group, especially when supplemented with MP3. Supplementation of COM resulted in the greatest difference in pattern of DGGE bands for total bacteria compared with the control. Coconut oil and mangosteen peel supplementation resulted in changing of rumen microbial abundances and communities; however, combination of them could be more benefit to improve rumen fermentation of swamp buffalo fed on rice straw.     

山竹果皮提取物农药活性研究

探索山竹果皮提取物在农业中的杀虫抗菌活性,为新型植物源农药的开发提供理论依据。采用浸叶法测定山竹果皮乙醇、石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇等5种提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫拒食和毒杀活性;以生长速率法测定这5种提取物对12种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。结果显示：山竹果皮提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫均具有一定的拒食及毒杀作用,以氯仿提取物的拒食活性最高,其24和48 h拒食率分别为72.51%和65.75%;而毒杀作用以石油醚提取物最强,其处理5 d后,斜纹夜蛾的校正死亡率为53.70%。抑菌试验显示山竹氯仿提取物对芒果炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌和芒果蒂腐病菌等4种植物病原真菌具有明显抑制菌丝生长作用,其EC50值分别为0.230 5、0.429 3、0.265 2和 0.390 1 mg/mL。由此说明,山竹果皮提取物具有良好的杀虫抗菌活性,基于山竹产物开发新型植物源农药具有潜在的利用价值。     

山竹饮料的研制

以山竹为主要原料,研究了山竹饮料的加工工艺和最佳配方。结果表明,最佳配方为山竹果汁添加量为30%,白砂糖质量分数为9%,柠檬酸质量分数为0.10%,稳定剂质量分数为0.20%。该产品有山竹的清香,滋味酸甜适中,美味可口。     

Genetic diversity revealed in the apomictic fruit species Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen)

The novel molecular marker technique Randomly Amplified DNA Fingerprinting (RAF)was used to survey genetic relationships between 37 accessions of the tropical fruit G. mangostana (mangosteen) and among 11 accessions from eight other Garcinia species. Although mangosteen is believed to reproduce exclusively through apomixis, our results show that considerable genetic diversity exists within G. mangostana and between other Garcinia species. Among the 37G. mangostana accessions examined, nine different genotypes were identified which clustered into three distinct groups based on correspondence analysis(reciprocal averaging). For 26 (70%) of the accessions no marker variation was detected over 530 loci screened. A further eight (22%) accessions exhibited very low levels of variation (0.2–1%) suggesting at least one well conserved mangosteen genotype. The remaining three accessions (8%) showed extensive variation (22–31%)compared with the majority of accessions. The three mangosteen groups were 63–70% dissimilar to the other Garciniaspecies investigated. The genetic diversity identified in this research will assist in the conservation of Garciniagermplasm and provides a valuable framework for the genetic improvement of mangosteen. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山竹果壳中多酚提取工艺的研究

以山竹果壳为原料,对山竹果壳多酚的提取工艺进行研究。通过单因素试验及正交试验对其提取工艺的最优条件进行探索。各因素对多酚物质提取量的影响依次为提取温度〉料液比〉乙醇体积分数〉提取时间,用乙醇溶液提取山竹果壳中多酚物质的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数70％,料液比1：15,提取温度70℃,提取时间120rain。     

海南山竹子种苗繁育技术

山竹子（Garcinia mangostana L.）是海南省南部地区的特色热带农业产业。最近10 多年,山竹子种植经济 效益显著,种植面积增加迅速。结合山竹子规模推广种植对优良种苗的需求,介绍了山竹子实生苗和嫁接苗的繁育 技术,提出了未来一段时期山竹子种苗繁育研究工作的重点。     

山竹果皮提取物农药活性研究

探索山竹果皮提取物在农业中的杀虫抗菌活性,为新型植物源农药的开发提供理论依据。采用浸叶法测定山竹果皮乙醇、石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇等5种提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫拒食和毒杀活性;以生长速率法测定这5种提取物对12种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。结果显示:山竹果皮提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫均具有一定的拒食及毒杀作用,以氯仿提取物的拒食活性最高,其24和48 h拒食率分别为72.51%和65.75%;而毒杀作用以石油醚提取物最强,其处理5 d后,斜纹夜蛾的校正死亡率为53.70%。抑菌试验显示山竹氯仿提取物对芒果炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌和芒果蒂腐病菌等4种植物病原真菌具有明显抑制菌丝生长作用,其EC50值分别为0.230 5、0.429 3、0.265 2和0.390 1 mg/m L。由此说明,山竹果皮提取物具有良好的杀虫抗菌活性,基于山竹产物开发新型植物源农药具有潜在的利用价值。