遮荫对忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量的影响

探讨不同光照强度条件下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量变化,为忽地笑规范化栽培提供科学依据。采用HPLC方法测定了100%自然光、50%遮荫和85%遮荫条件下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量。3种不同光强下忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量均表现为:50%遮荫>85%遮荫>100%自然光,其中在50%遮荫条件下其含量均最高,与100%自然光的相比,分别提高了35.88%和20.56%,差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。稳定性及回收率实验结果表明:HPLC法测定忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量效果好,稳定性强,方法可靠;适度遮荫(如50%遮荫)可以提高忽地笑鳞茎中石蒜碱和加兰他敏含量。忽地笑适宜在一定遮荫环境下栽培。     

外源Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+和吖啶黄素对刺梨果实维生素C合成的影响

【目的】研究二价金属离子和传统抑制剂对刺梨果实维生素C合成的调控作用。【方法】以‘贵农5号’刺梨为材料,采用离体喂饲和活体注射相结合的方法,研究Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+等二价金属离子及吖啶黄素、石蒜碱等有机抑制剂对刺梨果实半乳糖内酯脱氢酶（GalLDH）活性和维生素C（AsA）合成的影响。【结果】Ca2+、Mg2+两种离子对初纯化的GalLDH酶活性有一定的促进作用,Cu2+则显著抑制其活性;当用金属离子与AsA合成底物半乳糖内酯（GalL）共同喂饲果肉时,Ca2+、Mg2+两种离子未有效促进AsA合成,Cu2+处理下的刺梨果肉中AsA含量甚至显著降低;在刺梨果实发育过程中,注射Ca2+对活体果实AsA合成有明显促进作用,Mg2+的作用不明显,而Cu2+依然表现出对AsA合成的抑制作用。吖啶黄素能抑制初纯化GalLDH酶液约70%的活性,而石蒜碱的抑制作用较小（约30%）,但两者在离体喂饲处理中对AsA合成表现出相似的抑制效果;活体注射处理时,吖啶黄素在处理后期对AsA合成表现出较明显的抑制作用,石蒜碱则无此效应。【结论】外源增Ca2+可促进刺梨果实AsA合成和积累,而Cu2+和吖啶黄素则有抑制作用。     

Plant growth inhibitory activity of Lycoris radiata Herb. and the possible involvement of lycorine as an allelochemical

Lycoris radiata Herb., a common medicinal plant of Far East Asia, was examined for its potential use in paddy weed control. The preliminary screening in greenhouse conditions indicated growth inhibitory activities. The emergence, root and shoot growth, and root dry weight of the bioassay species were reduced when grown in soil mixed with the leaves of L. radiata . Aqueous extracts of the fresh leaves at various concentrations inhibited the root and shoot growth of all tested plant species. To identify the active components, L. radiata ethanolic extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, purification, and spectroscopic analysis. This process led to the isolation of lycorine as a potential allelochemical. The concentration of lycorine in the dry leaves of L. radiata is estimated to be 0.08%. It is possible that lycorine is exuded from the roots or leaches from the living or decomposing leaves, along with other numerous inhibitors, and inhibits the growth of neighboring or successional plants. These results suggest that L. radiata has the potential to inhibit plant growth and lycorine acts as one of the most important plant growth inhibitors. This plant can be grown as a ground cover plant and its dead leaves could be applied as cover mulch.     

微波法提取石蒜中石蒜碱的工艺优化

为了优化微波法提取石蒜中石蒜碱的工艺条件,用野生石蒜作原料,以乙醇为提取剂,探索了料液比、微波功率、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数等单因素对微波法提取石蒜碱的影响,用正交试验L9(34)获得了最佳提取工艺条件,并与常规溶剂法进行了比较。结果表明:微波法提取石蒜中石蒜碱的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:6,微波功率320 W,提取温度60℃,提取时间6 min,提取2次;石蒜碱的提取率为95.5%,产率为0.0391%;提取物中石蒜碱含量为12.35%。与常规溶剂法相比,微波法具备提取时间短、提取率高、提取次数少等优点,总体效果优于常规溶剂法。