超声波辅助提取圣女果番茄红素及其抗氧化活性研究

以圣女果为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法提取圣女果中的番茄红素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对该提取工艺进行优化,同时利用清除DPPH·法和·OH法评价圣女果番茄红素的抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声波辅助提取圣女果番茄红素的最佳工艺条件为:以体积比为7∶1的乙酸乙酯-丙酮溶液为提取剂,料液比1∶7(g/m L),超声功率280 W,超声温度70℃,超声时间50 min。在该工艺条件下,番茄红素提取量为63.2μg/g。圣女果番茄红素对DPPH·和·OH具有较强的清除能力,且与番茄红素浓度呈明显的量效关系,表明圣女果番茄红素具有强的抗氧化活性,可作为一种天然抗氧化剂。     

红蓝光质对转色期间番茄果实主要品质的影响

采用LED精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘Micro-Tom’为试材,设置红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝组合光3︰1(3R1B)3个处理,以白光(W)为对照,研究红蓝光质对转色期间番茄果实主要品质及番茄红素生物合成关键酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,红光和3R1B处理可显著提高番茄果实可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,降低可滴定酸含量;蓝光下维生素C、可溶性蛋白和可滴定酸含量明显升高,可溶性糖含量较低,但与对照差异不明显。随着果实成熟,红光和3R1B处理下番茄红素含量及牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPS)和八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)基因的表达量显著高于蓝光和对照,尤以3R1B处理最明显;蓝光则显著降低了番茄红素含量,GGPS和PSY1表达受到抑制。综上,蓝光能够促进维生素C、蛋白质和有机酸含量增加;红光和红蓝组合光则有利于碳水化合物的积累,且通过提高番茄红素生物合成关键酶基因GGPS和PSY1的转录水平和活性,促进番茄红素合成,尤以3R1B处理最佳。说明适宜比例的红蓝组合光有利于番茄果实转色,提高果实品质。     

Postharvest UV-C treatment combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), followed by storage in continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere,improves the quality of tomatoes

Mature green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C or 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C and 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 μL L^?1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.     

高番茄红素加工番茄新品种紫红的选育

紫红是利用从日本引进品种NDM969经分离选育的N-131,与分离选育的N-465配制的加工番茄杂种一代.该品种晚熟,较直立,开展度小,可溶性固形物含量高,番茄红素含量高.总产量比对照品种里格尔(87-5)增产6.66;;可溶性固形物含量5.5;,比对照品种里格尔高21.47;;番茄红素含量16.78 mg/100 g,比对照品种里格尔高61.66;,其番茄红素表现尤为突出,适合生产高番茄红色素含量番茄酱.可作为晚熟直播品种栽培.     

番茄红素提取提纯方法的研究进展

天然色素番茄红素是类胡萝卜素的一种,具有很强的抗氧化性,能起到防癌、抗癌的功效。对番茄红素的提取方法(溶剂提取法、超声辅助提取法)及提纯方法(皂化法、重结晶法、柱层析法)进行了综述,并对番茄红素提取提纯方法的研究趋势和前景进行展望。     

番茄红素微胶囊的制备及抗炎活性分析

以辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和麦芽糊精分别加阿拉伯胶为壁材,制备番茄红素微胶囊,测定番茄红素微胶囊的包封率,分析其在不同温度条件下的稳定性;采用体外脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7细胞、BPH–1细胞与体内佛波酯(TPA)诱导小鼠耳肿胀模型,探讨番茄红素微胶囊的抗炎活性及其抗炎机制。结果表明：辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠和阿拉伯胶质量比为2∶1的复合壁材制备得到的番茄红素微胶囊的包封率为85.43%,在45℃条件下,番茄红素微胶囊中番茄红素保留率超过50%;在0.5～10.0μg/mL范围内,番茄红素微胶囊对LPS诱导分泌NO的抑制率为8.83%～72.33%,其IC50为3.76μg/mL;10.0μg/mL番茄红素微胶囊对BPH–1细胞增殖的抑制率高达52.17%,其IC50为8.33μg/mL;番茄红素微胶囊对TPA诱导小鼠耳肿胀的抑制率为38.45%,显著抑制TNF–α、IL–6、MDA、ROS细胞因子过度表达,抗炎作用优于番茄红素油树脂。可见,番茄红素微胶囊比番茄红素油树脂具有更好的稳定性及抗炎活性,其作用机制与抑制TNF–α、IL–6、MDA、ROS过度表达有关。     

番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存及鲜精品质影响

旨在探究番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存和新鲜精液品质的影响,为番茄红素作为新型精液稀释液添加剂和种公畜日粮添加剂提供依据。本研究采集3头年龄3~5岁健康状况良好秦川种公牛的新鲜精液混合,用0、1、2、3、4 μmol·L^-1浓度的番茄红素稀释液冷冻保存;利用计算机辅助分析仪、低渗肿胀检测法、花生凝集素荧光标记检测法、罗丹明荧光检测法等检测精子的运动性能、顶体完整率、质膜完整性、线粒体活性和抗氧化性能;在秦川种公牛日粮中添加15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素,检测饲喂前后秦川种公牛的新鲜精液品质和血清抗氧化指标。结果表明,在秦川牛精液冷冻保存过程中添加番茄红素可以显著提高冷冻-解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整性和线粒体活性以及抗氧化酶CAT和GSH-Px酶活性,显著降低精子中MDA含量,且番茄红素的最适添加浓度为2 μmol·L^-1(P<0.05);饲喂15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素后,与饲喂之前相比,秦川种公牛的精子活力显著提高(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(P<0.05),血清中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,一定浓度的番茄红素对精子在冷冻过程中造成的精子损伤和秦川牛机体应激造成的繁殖性能降低具有良好的保护作用,这可能与番茄红素通过抗氧化作用减少精子在冷冻-解冻过程中的氧化损伤和提高动物机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

Effects of Intragastric Lycopene on Oxidative Stress of Blood after Exercise SD Rats

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of intragastric lycopene on oxidative stress blood after exercise SD rats.Thirty two SD rats with similar weight(233.40 g±6.21 g) and good health for SPF were randomized into one control groups and three trial groups with 8 rats per group.The control group was gastric fed with edible oil,the trial Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were gastric fed with edible oil intragastric with 10,20,40 mg/(kg·BW) lycopene,respectively.The pre-experiment period lasted for 10 d,and the experiment period lasted for 42 d.Swimming train six days a week and train six weeks,then that blood were collection for determination of oxidative stress after swimming train 11 hours SD rats.The results showed that lycopene concentration of plasma was increased at first and decreased subsequently,after 4 h lycopene concentration of plasma in SD rat was peak.With the increase of intragastric lycopene doses,glutathione peroxidase,total antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma showed a trend of rising; malondialdehyde content of plasma showed a trend of decrease with the increase of supplemental lycopene dose after exercise SD rats.Therefore,the antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats and doses of intragastric lycopene were dose dependent,antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats showed a trend of rise with the increase of lycopene dose.     

色素万寿菊中叶黄素合成相关基因的表达分析

本项研究以生产中用于杂交制种的8个色素万寿菊品种资源的花蕾期(Ⅰ)、鲜花半开期(Ⅱ)、鲜花盛开期(Ⅲ)的花瓣以及盛开期时的叶子(Ⅳ)为材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测了叶黄素合成过程中3个相关基因lcyb(lycopene b-cyclase)、lcye(lycopene e-cyclase)和zds(ζ-carotene desaturase)在8个供试品种的不同发育时期的相对表达量。结果表明:3个基因的表达量在叶片中依次为lcyb>zds>lcye,花瓣中依次为lcye>zds>lcyb。lcye在花瓣中的表达量随花瓣的开放程度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并在Ⅱ期达到最大值,且均高于叶片中lcye的表达量。Zds的表达趋势为Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ。Lcyb在叶中的表达高于花瓣中的任何时期。父本花瓣Ⅲ期的lcye表达量高于其他品种,且它的叶片中的lcyb的表达也高于其它品种。本项研究结果将有助于进一步阐明lcyb、lcye和zds基因与色素万寿菊叶黄素合成积累之间的关系,为进行色素万寿菊的基因工程育种奠定基础。     

西瓜中番茄红素提取工艺研究

对有机溶剂法从西瓜中提取番茄红素的工艺条件进行了研究,通过单因素实验、正交实验及方差分析,考察了影响提取的主要因素,寻求最佳提取工艺.结果表明,溶剂选用乙酸乙脂提取效果好,提取条件为固液比1:7,温度35℃,时间100min.