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Comparison of Single,Averaged, and Pooled Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratios in Proteinuric Dogs Undergoing Medical Treatment
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S. Shropshire J. Quimby R. Cerda 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):288-294
Background
Monitoring urine protein:creatinine ratios (UPC ) in dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy (PLN ) is challenging because of day‐to‐day variation in UPC results.Hypothesis/Objectives
Determine whether single, averaged, or pooled samples from PLN dogs receiving medical treatment yield comparable UPC s, regardless of degree of proteinuria.Animals
Twenty‐five client‐owned PLN dogs receiving medical treatment.Methods
UPC ratios were prospectively measured in each dog utilizing 3 methods: single in‐hospital sample (day 3), average sample (days 1–3), and pooled sample (equal pooling of urine from days 1–3). Bland‐Altman analysis was performed to evaluate agreement between methods for all dogs, as well as in subgroups of dogs (UPC ≤4 or UPC >4).Results
For all dogs, Bland‐Altman log‐transformed 95% limits of agreement were ?0.07–0.18 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.06–0.16 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.06–0.04 (pooled versus average UPC ). For dogs with UPC ≤4, Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement were ?0.42–0.82 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.38–0.76 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.27–0.25 (pooled versus average UPC ). For dogs with UPC >4, Bland‐Altman 95% limits of agreement were ?0.17–2.4 (single versus pooled UPC ), ?0.40–2.2 (single versus average UPC ), and ?0.85–0.43 (pooled versus average UPC ).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
UPC ratios from all methods were comparable in PLN dogs receiving medical treatment. In PLN dogs with UPC >4, more variability between methods exists likely because of higher in‐hospital results, but whether this finding is clinically relevant is unknown.2.
It is important for enterprises' inventory management to find out the optimal production cycle and the length of shortage time,so that the total cost of inventory system can be reduced and the service level can be raised.Based on the classical EPQ model,this paper develops an EPQ model for deterioration items with different lost sale factor relative to the inventory level during shortage period.The existence of unique optimal solution is discussed by mathematic analysis and a numeric example.The sensitivity analysis shows that the parameter of losing sale has different impact on the costs of inventory system.The factors must be considered for the production inventory system to make management decision. 相似文献
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抗蒸腾剂对枣苗失水率与移栽成活率的影响 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
研究了1年生灰枣嫁接苗在晾晒失水过程中,喷施不同体积分数的薄膜型抗蒸腾剂对其失水率和移栽成活率的影响.结果表明,苗木移植前喷洒50,100 mL.L-1的抗蒸腾剂,能有效地降低枣苗的失水率;抗蒸腾剂50mL.L-1时,枣苗的移栽成活率达到最大.作者提出了枣苗成活的根系和茎干失水率阈值分别为30%和8%. 相似文献
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当前我国园区建设中的问题、原因及对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
“园区建设热”是继上个世纪90年代初期的“开发区圈地热”、“房地产圈地热”之后,中国社会出现的又一次声势大、地域广的“圈地运动”,给农民和国家利益造成重大损害,已引起党和国家高度重视。本文从社会学的视角,对当前中国屡禁不止的“园区建设热”现象的现状、问题及产生的原因和可能的对策,做出详细描述和深刻分析。 相似文献
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南方桉树人212林雨雪冰冻经济损失评估与分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对雨雪冰冻灾害未满5年轮伐期的4类重灾林分开展经济损失评估.结果表明:在萌蘖经营前,不同重灾林分的经营成本与产量均有所差异,只有4年生的重灾林分木材利润为正值,其平均净收入和平均利润分别为16 907.20元·hm-2和2 480.85元·hm-2;其余类型的重灾林分因为经营期较短,木材产量较低不足以完全抵销经营期内的成本.在萌蘖经营中,亦只有4年生重灾林分的收益高于未受灾林分(CK),其平均净现值(NPV)、内部收益率(IRR)和产出投入比(B/C)分别达18 114.00元·hm-2、57.95%和3.52,比最低分别高98.56%,39.21%和65.79%.不同类型萌蘖经营的NFV和IRR与木材价格和木材产量成正比,而与经营成本和贴现率成反比,IRR不随贴现率的变化而变动.本文还就如何提高灾后桉树人工林的经济效益进行了商讨. 相似文献
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开发建设项目水土保持方案编制要考虑水流失 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
针对目前开发建设项目水土保持方案编制对水流失问题存在缺位的现象,阐述了开发建设项目造成水流失的形式与后果,以陕北侏罗纪煤田开发排水为例,分析了流失数量、污染程度、影响范围、影响时间,提出了水流失的防治思路和恢复标准。防治思路:一是改变目前采矿工艺,采用永久性顶板支护,保证采空区不塌陷,上层含水体结构不受破坏;二是采用地下排水,恢复补偿疏空区用水,解决回灌问题。按照防治思路,结合目前我国节水技术发展水平,分别给出了该矿区农业用水、生态用水、人畜用水的恢复标准。 相似文献
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毛白杨杂种无性系生长及耗水特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用BP3400精密天平和加拿大Epson Twain Pro扫描仪等,研究了9个毛白杨杂种无性系苗木(1(2)-0型)的生长及蒸腾耗水特性,并对苗高地径、耗水特性、叶片失水率、比叶重、生物量等进行了比较。结果表明:无性系30、BL5、S86生长较快,苗高分别为110.17、149.301、61.50 cm,地径分别为1.14、1.241、.12 cm,比叶重、生物量较大,10月比叶重分别达103.39、99.44、95.80 g.m-2,生物量分别达66.71、62.965、9.739 g,可作为在水分充足地区营造毛白杨速生丰产林的优良无性系。毛白杨杂种无性系耗水量和耗水速率日变化均呈"单峰"型,峰值均出现在12:00~14:00,无性系S86、83、42白天耗水速率较低,8月耗水速率值分别达198.81、241.44、287.93 g.m-2.h-1,叶片失水率较小,8月离体12 h时的失水率仅为55.74%、48.71%、41.88%,可作为在有限水量下营造毛白杨速生丰产林的优良无性系。 相似文献