Application of acoustic Doppler current profiler combined with a scientific echo sounder for krill Euphausia pacifica density estimation

ABSTRACT:   An application of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP, 153.6 kHz) in combination with a scientific echo sounder (EK60, 38 and 200 kHz) was investigated to estimate the density of krill Euphausia pacifica . The acoustic backscattering strength from sound scattering layers was compared with biomass estimates from midwater trawls. Euphausia pacifica was targeted among mixed species populations in the sound scattering layer in the offshore Funka Bay area of Hokkaido, Japan. The frequency characteristics of acoustic backscattering by krill were calculated using a distorted wave Born approximation scattering model at three frequencies. Krill aggregations identified from the EK60 data were extracted as the mean volume backscattering strength difference between two frequencies. They were then used to identify similar aggregations in the ADCP data by matching observation times and depths for the two methods, which were applied simultaneously. Results from the comparison of the mean volume backscattering strength and the density calculated from the ADCP and EK60 showed that ADCP can be used to measure density and spatial–temporal distribution of krill aggregations. Current speed and direction at the study site were found to be 16.1 cm/s and 187.0°, respectively, and krill speed and direction (including the current component) were found to be 19.8 cm/s and 172.2°, respectively. Based on the ADCP data, the net speed and direction of the krill aggregations were found to be 5.9 cm/s and 128.0°, respectively.     

电涡流缓速器对车辆制动稳定性的影响分析

修正车辆理想制动力分配曲线使之适用于装用电涡流缓速器的车辆,对装用电涡流缓速器的车辆制动稳定性进行了定性分析,并且提出了增加前后制动器制动力的分配系数来提高装用缓速器后的车辆制动稳定性的技术措施.对给定参数的车辆的定量分析表明,提出的技术措施能扩大车辆同步附着系数的范围,降低车辆后轮先抱死的可能性,提高车辆的制动稳定性.     

四川省特色农产品优势区建设现状及对策

本文通过总结四川省特色农产品优势区建设的现状,分析产业发展存在的问题,并提出了对策建议,以期为高质量建设四川省特色农产品优势区,做大做强优势特色农业产业提供参考。     

光散射技术在4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂物理稳定性研究中的应用

证明了将光散射技术用于评价水乳剂稳定性的可行性。通过4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂配方的研制,证明了来自Turbiscan Lab分散稳定性分析仪的稳定性参数(SI)可以作为水乳剂稳定性判定的量化指标,其结果与传统的热贮稳定性和冻融稳定性试验结果一致,SI<4.0的4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳体系具有稳定性。此外,正交试验结果表明,乳化剂配比对体系的稳定性影响最大,水质和共乳化剂用量的影响相对较小且差异不显著。选定乳化剂配比后,水质和共乳化剂对体系物理稳定性的影响是协同作用的结果,水质可以在较宽的范围内选择,因而可用自来水配制合格的4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂。     

大学英语教学中的文学教学

长期以来，在外语教学中占主导地位的是以语言形式为主的教学，过于强调语音、词汇和语法规则的作用，忽视或不重视在课堂内传授语言知识的同时培养学生的文化内涵；教学内容枯燥乏味，必要的文化背景知识没有得到应有的重视。文学教学更是如此。大学英语课程作为大学生的一门必修的基础课程，是一门综合基础课程。调查、教学实践以及大学英语教学的最终动机证明，大学英语教学离不开文学教学。文章肯定了大学英语教学中的文学教学在提高学生英语学习的兴趣和培养其综合素养，尤其是人文素养方面起着重要的作用，不能被忽视，还就当前现状进行了分析并提出了一些建议。     

遮荫处理及恢复光照对白菜生长及活性氧代谢的影响

 以白菜耐弱光品种‘矮王’和不耐弱光品种‘绿优’为材料,研究遮荫处理及恢复光照过程中植株生长、活性氧代谢和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,遮荫处理后‘矮王’品种生长减缓, ‘绿优’品种生长停滞;2品种的MDA含量、O₂-. 产生速率和H₂O₂含量呈现先下降后上升的趋势, POD活性呈上升趋势,而SOD、CAT、APX等酶活呈先下降后上升的趋势;恢复生长光照后,2品种的 MDA含量、O₂-. 产生速率和H₂O₂含量均迅速上升,几种酶活也呈加速上升趋势。遮荫处理后期与恢复光照后‘绿优’的膜脂过氧化现象较‘矮王’严重,‘矮王’通过增加抗氧化酶活性,有效地减轻了膜脂过氧化程度。     

水杨酸对湖北海棠活性氧代谢及超微弱发光的影响

 以50 μg·mL ^{- 1}水杨酸( SA) 喷施湖北海棠(Malus hupehensis Rehd. ) 幼苗, 结果显示: 超氧阴离子O^·₂ 的产生速率在处理后12～48 h明显高于对照, 而在72 h以后明显低于对照; H₂O₂ 含量在水杨酸处理后, 始终高于对照, 并在处理后第12和48小时出现两次峰值。POD活性在处理12 h后逐渐增加,SOD活性则在处理48 h后才有显著的增加, 而CAT在处理后24 h内活性高于对照, 48 h后明显低于对照。SA还明显促进了脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA) 的产生, 也明显促进了叶片的超微弱发光, 超微弱发光值在处理后的120 h内始终高于对照, 但在整个试验过程中超微弱发光的变化趋势与H₂O₂ 含量及O^·₂ 的产生速率的变化趋势明显不同。     

番茄果实采后一氧化氮处理对活性氧代谢的影响

 以番茄品种‘百利’为试材, 研究了NO处理对其采后活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明: NO处理可推迟果实呼吸和乙烯高峰的出现, 抑制O·₂ 和H₂O₂ 的累积, 保持了贮藏后期SOD、CAT、POD、APX 较高的活性以及GSH和AsA含量的较高水平, 延缓了MDA含量和膜相对透性的升高, 降低膜脂过氧化程度, 延缓了果实衰老。     

硅对盐胁迫下葡萄幼苗生理效应的影响

以酿酒葡萄"赤霞殊"(Cabernet Sauvignon,CS)1年生扦插苗为试材,采用营养液水培系统,研究了根施外源硅(K2SiO3·9H2O,Si)对盐(50 mmol/L NaCl)胁迫下赤霞珠葡萄幼苗叶片生理生化特性的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫处理下,葡萄幼苗叶片超氧阴离子(O2-')产生速率加快,过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对膜透性增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强;组织含水量降低;施用2.0mmol/L Si明显抑制了O2-、H2O2和MDA的积累,增加了组织含水量,并进一步提高了抗氧化酶SOD和POD的活性.说明外源Si可通过提高盐胁迫下葡萄幼苗体内的抗氧化酶活性,从而降低活性氧(ROS)水平,一定程度上减轻盐胁迫对植株所造成的细胞膜脂过氧化伤害,增强其耐盐性.     

Effect of phosphocreatine on transient outward potassium current in ischemic ventricular mid-myocardial cells of rats

AIM: To determine the effect of exogenous phosphocreatine (PCr) at different concentrations on transient outward potassium (I_to) current in rat ischemic ventricular mid-myocardial (M) cells and to explore the antiarrhythmia mechanism in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. METHODS: M cells were isolated enzymatically from left ventricular mid-myocardium of rats. Peak I_to current was recorded by patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration when M cells were superfused with normal Tyrode solution, simple ischemic solution,and simulated ischemic solution containing PCr at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/L for 10 min. RESULTS: Peak I_to current density of M cells superfused with simple simulated ischemic solution was significantly reduced by (76.1?6.3)% (P<0.05) compared with M cells superfused with Tyrode solution. Ischemic solution containing 5, 10, 20 and 30 mmol/L PCr reduced peak I_to current density by (57.1?9.6)% (P<0.05), (40.3?10.3)% (P<0.05), (34.3?9.6)% (P<0.05) and (32.1?10.6)% (P<0.05),respectively. There was statistical difference among ischemic solution without PCr and containing PCr at concentrations of 5 and 10 mmol/L groups (P<0.05). No statistical difference among groups of 10, 20 and 30 mmol/L PCr was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: PCr reverses the inhibition of I_to current under ischemic condition in M cells, which may be the mechanism responsible for arrhythmia prevention in ischemic heart disease. PCr at concentrations of 0~10 mmol/L exerts significant dose-effect relationship.